6.3.8 Genetic Engineering

Question 1

What makes genetic engineering possible?

Answer 1

• The fact that the DNA code is degenerate
• All codons code for the same amino acids in all living things
• Transcription and translation processes are universal so transferred DNA stay in the genome of the organism

Question 2

How does genetic engineering work?

Answer 2

• DNA nucleotide sequences are combined to produce recombinant DNA
• Desired nucleotide sequences from both organisms combined (making the organism transgenic and a GMO)
• Or 1 desired gene from 1 organism inserted into the main organism (making the organism transgenic and a GMO)

Question 3

Uses of genetic engineering

Answer 3

• Increasing crop yield (resistance to drought, pathogens, pesticides, etc)
• Genetic modification of livestock (Resistance to disease and increased productivity)
• Genetic modification of bacteria (produce medicines such as insulin)