632-641 Flashcards
Homodont dentition:
All teeth have the same morphology
Heterodont dentition:
Teeth have different morphology (eg, humans).
Monophyodont dentition:
■
One set of teeth.
Diphyodont dentition:
Two sets of teeth (eg, humans).
Polyphyodont dentition:
Multiple sets of teeth.
Anterior teeth: Incisors and canines.
■ Posterior teeth: Premolars and molars.
12 total (6 per arch).
20 total (10 per arch).
Anatomic crown:
The portion of the tooth that extends from the cementoenamel
junction (CEJ) to the incisal edge or occlusal surface (enamelcovered
portion of the tooth).
Clinical crown:
The portion of the tooth that extends incisally or occlusally
from the gingival margin (clinically visible portion of the tooth).
Occlusal table:
The occlusal surface within the cusp and marginal ridges
The primary center of enamel formation in a tooth.
Lobe:
In fully formedteeth, lobes are represented by
cusps, mamelons, and cingula, and are separated
by developmental depressions (anterior teeth) or developmental
grooves (posterior teeth).
Mamelon:
A round extension of enamel on the incisal edge of all incisors.
(See Figure 24–1.) There are usually three mamelons per .
incisor (one for
each facial lobe). They are often translucent because of a lack of underlying
dentin.
Mamelons are typically worn down by
attrition and mastication;
thus, their presence in adults is an indication of malocclusion
Cingulum:
A bulbous convexity of enamel located on the cervical third of
the lingual surface of all anterior teeth.
Cusp:
A large elevation of enamel located on the occlusal surface of all
posterior teeth and the incisal edge of canines.
Tubercle:
An extra formation of enamel on the crown of a tooth. Often
manifests as a supernumerary cusp, such as the cusp of Carabelli.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GelVKcVI0TE1LLVU
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GYTdLLUdGNlJ3dWc
Ridge: ■
A linear elevation on the enamel surface.
Marginal ridge:
A ridge on all teeth that forms the mesial and distal margins
of posterior occlusal surfaces and anterior lingual surfaces
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GaE9idGphMXl6c3c
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GVWx1M0lBcmhVMGc
a ridge only on canines that runs incisocervically in the center
of the facial crown surface. More prominent in maxillary canines.
labial ridge
A ridge only on premolars that runs occlusocervically
in the center of the buccal crown surface. More prominent in first
premolars.
Buccal (cusp) ridge:
A ridge on all primary teeth and permanent molars that
runs mesiodistally in the cervical third of the buccal surface of the crown.
Cervical ridge:
ridge on all maxillary molars that extends from the ML
to DB cusps (it separates the MB and DL cusps).
Oblique ridge:
A ridge on all posterior teeth that extends from the cusp
tip to the central groove. The ML cusp of all maxillary molars has two triangular
ridges.
Triangular ridge:
A ridge on most posterior teeth that runs buccolingually
and connects opposing buccal and lingual triangular ridges. Most common
on maxillary premolars and mandibular molars.
Transverse ridge:
V-shaped depression on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth
between ridges and cusps.
Sulcus:
irregularly shaped depression in the enamel surface.
Fossa:
: A well-defined, shallow, linear depression in
enamel that separates the cusps, lobes, and marginal ridges of a tooth.
Developmental groove
A narrow crevice at the deepest portion of the developmental
groove in enamel.
Fissure:
: A small pinpoint concavity at the termination or junction of developmental
grooves
Pit
: An irregularly defined, short groove auxiliary to a
developmental groove that does not separate major tooth parts.
Supplemental groove
Line angle:■
An angle formed by the junction of two surfaces.
Point angle:
An angle formed by the junction of three surfaces.
Contact area:
he location at which the proximal surfaces of two adjacent
teeth make contact.
Embrasure:
A triangular-shaped space between the proximal surfaces of
adjacent teeth which diverges in four directions from the contact area.
Buccal
■ Lingual
■ Occlusal/incisal
■ Cervical/gingival (interproximal space): In health, this space is completely
filled with the gingival papilla.
embrasures
Largest occlusal embrasure:
between max canine and PM1
Largest incisal embrasure:
between max lateral and canin
Smallest incisal embrasure:
■
between mand centrals.
In general, lingual embrasures > buccal embrasures,
except Max M1 (buccal
embrasures > lingual)
Furcation:
The area of a multirooted tooth where the roots diverge
All dental and periodontal innervation arises from the
trigeminal nerve
(CN V)
The maxillary nerve (V-2) supplies the
■
maxillary teeth.
The mandibular nerve (V-3) supplies the
mandibular teeth.
All dental and periodontal arterial supply arises from the
maxillary artery
The arterial supply of dental and periodontium generally parallels the
corresponding nerves.
All dental and periodontal venous return drains to the
pterygoid plexus of
veins, which eventually forms as the maxillary vein.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GZGE0Q2VlZzZyVDg
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GOUdCeGF0TmY0emM
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GaXpYV1RITVBBdG8
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B8uJUY-tie8GWTV0WVNXZFlPN0k
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) System:
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) System: Each tooth is
given a two-digit number. The first digit represents the quadrant in
which the tooth is located (1, 2, 3, or 4). The second digit indicates
the tooth position relative to the midline, from closest to farthest away
(1 to 8) (Figure 24–7B).
prox contacts
Generally located increasingly more incisally (occlusally) from the posterior to
the anterior.
The mesial contact is always located more incisally than the distal.
prox contact
Proximal contacts prevent
rotation, mesial drift, and food impaction.
All are located in the—- of the crown.
■ Posterior contacts are positioned slightly —–
All are located in the middle 1/3 of the crown.
■ Posterior contacts are positioned slightly buccal.
All anterior teeth.
Triangular:
Trapezoidal:
■
All maxillary posterior teeth.
Rhomboidal:
All mandibular posterior teeth.
Facial HOC’s:■ ■
Located in the cervical third, except mandibular molars (junction of
cervical and middle thirds).
Facial HOC
Most prominent on—- —— teeth.
■ Least prominent on—— ——teeth.
Facial HOC
Most prominent on mandibular posterior teeth.
■ Least prominent on mandibular anterior teeth.
Lingual HOC’s:
■ Anterior teeth:
Located in the cervical third (cingulum).
ling. HOC
Posterior teeth:
Located in middle third, except mandibular PM2
(occlusal third).
Help form the mesial and distal contact areas.
■ Allow for adequate gingival health.
HOC
The maximum height of the proximal CEJ contour increases
ant
The mesial CEJ contour is always —– than the distal contour.
■ The greatest CEJ contour is on the maxillary —- —–
The mesial CEJ contour is always greater than the distal contour.
■ The greatest CEJ contour is on the maxillary central incisor (mesial surface).
Incisors and canines:
4 lobes (3 labial [mamelons], 1 lingual [cingulum]).
Premolars:
4 lobes (3 buccal, 1 lingual) except mand PM2, which has 5
lobes (3 buccal, 2 lingual).
5 lobes (one for each cusp).
■
First molars:
Second molars:
Third molars:
4 lobes (one for each cusp).
4 or 5 lobes (one for each cusp, depending on variation).
Maxillary: ■
128 mm (slightly longer).
Mandibular:
126 mm.
Most prominent tooth.
max. CI
Greatest mesial CEJ contour of all teeth.
■ Second longest crown (next to mandibular canine).
max. CI
Widest (M-D) of all anterior teeth.
Max CI
Occlusal shape is triangular; proximal shape is triangular.
■ Has three mamelons and four developmental grooves.
Central CI
MMR > DMR
max CI
MI corner sharper than
DI in max CI
Narrowest incisal embrasures of all maxillary teeth.
max CI
oclusal of max CI
M-D dimension > F-L (from occlusal).
Cingulum: slightly distal.
max CI
Least likely to have a divided root canal.
max CI
Roundest root form; can be rotated during extraction.
■ Blunted apex.
Max CI
Has greatest axial inclination toward the facial.
■ Sits almost vertically (M-D) in alveolar bone.
max CI
Occludes with mandibular central and lateral incisors
max CI
Third most common congenitally missing tooth (next to third molars).
max lat inc
