6.3 Defense Against Infectious Disease

Question 1

an organism or virus that causes disease

Answer 1

Pathogen

Question 2

the organs and cells in the body that help to destroy pathogens

Answer 2

Immune system

Question 3

Cell fragments found in the blood that are concerned with blood clotting

Answer 3

Platelets

Question 4

red blood cell

Answer 4

Erythrocyte

Question 5

white blood cell

Answer 5

Leukocyte

Question 6

a protein found in the blood plasma essential for blood clotting

Answer 6

Prothrombin

Question 7

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and triggers blood clotting

Answer 7

Thrombrin

Question 8

the soluble plasma protein, produced by the liver, which is converted to fibrin during the blood-clotting process.

Answer 8

Fibrinogen

Question 9

a plasma protein that forms long threads which provide the structure of a blood clot.

Answer 9

Fibrin

Question 10

process of modifying the shape of of a phagocytic cell so that it can engulf bacteria or other particles.

Answer 10

Phagocytosis

Question 11

a type of immune response in which phagocytes respond in the same way no matter what the pathogen

Answer 11

Non-specific immunity

Question 12

a type of immune response which utilize antigens and antibodies to target specific pathogens and destroy them.

Answer 12

Specific immunity

Question 13

a substance that stimulates production of antibodies

Answer 13

Antigens

Question 14

one of millions of blood proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to specific antigens, which are then neutralised or destroyed.

Answer 14

Antibodies

Question 15

type of white blood cell that become active only in the presence of a particular antigen that matches their specific antibodies.

Answer 15

Lymphocytes

Question 16

cloned lymphocytes which remain in the bloodstream after an infection to give protection against the same infection (antigen) at a later date.

Answer 16

Memory cells

Question 17

resistance to the onset of a disease after infection by the agent causing the disease.

Answer 17

Immunity

Question 18

injection of an antigen to induce antibody production before a potential infection.

Answer 18

Vaccination

Question 19

a small circle of DNA found in bacteria

Answer 19

Plasmids

Question 20

a type of virus that can insert its DNA into that of a host cell. The infected cells create new viruses.

Answer 20

Retrovirus