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Chemistry Module 6 > 6.2.5 Synthetic routes (not aromatic) > Flashcards

6.2.5 Synthetic routes (not aromatic) Flashcards

1
Q

alkene -> polyalkene

A

high pressure
catalyst
polymerisation

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2
Q

alkene -> dihaloalkane

A

Br2, Cl2
room temp
electrophilic addition

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3
Q

alkene -> alkane

A

H2
nickel catalyst
addition/reduction

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4
Q

alkane -> haloalkane

A

Br2,Cl2
UV light
free radical substitution

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5
Q

alkene -> haloalkane

A

HBr, HCl
room temp
electrophilic addition

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6
Q

alkene -> alcohol

A

H2O (g)

using conc phosphoric acid catalyst (H3PO4)

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7
Q

alcohol -> alkene

A

conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4

elimination, dehydration

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8
Q

alcohol -> haloalkane

A

NaBr and H2SO4
heat under reflux
substitution

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9
Q

haloalkane -> alcohol

A

KOH aqueous
heat under reflux
nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

haloalkane -> amine

A

alcoholic NH3
heat under pressure
nucleophilic substitution

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11
Q

haloalkane -> nitrile

A

CN- and ethanol

nucleophilic substitution

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12
Q

nitrile -> amine

A

H2
nickel catalyst
reduction

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13
Q

amine -> secondary/tertiary amine

A

haloalkane

nucleophilic substitution

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14
Q

amine -> secondary amide

A

acyl chloride
room temperature
nucleophilic addition/elimination

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15
Q

nitrile-> carboxylic acid

A

acid hydrolysis

heat with HCl

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16
Q

alcohol -> aldehyde

A

Na2Cr2O7/H+
primary alcohol
heat gently and distill
partial oxidation

17
Q

alcohol -> ketone

A

Na2Cr2O7/H+
secondary alcohol
heat under reflux
oxidation

18
Q

aldehyde -> alcohol

A

NaBH4

reduction

19
Q

ketone -> alcohol

A

NaBH4

reduction

20
Q

ketone -> hydroxynitrile

A

HCN and KCN

Nucleophilic addition

21
Q

Aldehyde -> hydroxynitrile

A

HCN and KCN

nucleophilic addition

22
Q

Aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

A

Na2Cr2O7/H+
Heat under reflux + excess oxidising agent
Oxidation

23
Q

Carboxylic acid -> acyl chloride

24
Q

Acyl chloride -> carboxylic acid

A

H2O room temp

25
Q

Carboxylic acid -> ester

A

Alcohol and H2SO4
Heat
Esterification

26
Q

Acyl chloride -> ester

A

Alcohol

Room temp

27
Q

Alcohol -> ester

A

Carboxylic acid + H2SO4
Heat
Esterification

28
Q

Acyl chloride -> secondary amide

A

Primary amine

Room temperature

29
Q

Acyl chloride -> primary amide

A

NH3 room temperature

30
Q

How can esters and amides be hydrolysed

A

By NaOH and acids

Chemistry Module 6 (10 decks)

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