6.2.1 Amines

Question 1

Amine functional group

Answer 1

• Amine -NH2
  amino (prefix)
  amine (suffix)
  treat N atom as the dominant atom with an alkyl group attached

Question 2

Amide functional group

Answer 2

• Amide -CONH2 (C=O)

amide

Question 3

Amide functional group

Answer 3

• Amide -CONH2 (C=O)

amide

Question 4

Classification of amides

Answer 4

• based on the number of carbon atoms attached directly to the N atom

Question 4

Classification of amides

Answer 4

• based on the number of carbon atoms attached directly to the N atom

Question 5

How so amines act as bases?

Answer 5

• Base is a H+ acceptor

- The lone pair of electrons on the Nitrogen atom accepts the H+ by forming a dative bond with the H+ ion

Question 6

2 methods of preparing amines

Answer 6

1. Making aromatic amines by reduction from nitrobenzene

2. Making aliphatic amines by nucleophilic substitutions from haloalkanes

Question 7

1. Making aromatic amines by reduction from nitrobenzene

Answer 7

• aim to change NO2 into NH2 by loss of O atoms and gain of H atoms
• reducing agent is conc HCl and tin (Sn) represented by [H]
• conditions reflux and ethanol solvent to dissolve all chemicals so they dissolve and react
• the reduction of each -NO2 group requires 6[H] and 2H2O

Side reaction

• the amine reacts with the left over HCl mixture to make an ionic salt
• to get the pure amine the salt is reacted with NaOH (aq) to make amine, salt and water

Question 8

2. Making aliphatic amines by nucleophilic substitutions from haloalkanes

Answer 8

2. Making aliphatic amines by nucleophilic substitutions from haloalkanes