6.2: Thermal Physics Flashcards
What is internal energy?
-The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic energies and potential energies of the particles in a body
How can internal energy be increased?
-By heating the system
-By doing work on the system
How do you convert from degrees centigrade to kelvin?
-Tk=Tc+273.15
How does internal energy change during a change of state?
-Kinetic energies do not change
-Potential energies change
-So the overall internal energy changes
What are the numerical constants for an ideal gas?
-Avogadro’s constant(Na)=6.02x10^23
-Molar gas constant(R)=8.31
-Boltzmann’s constant(K)=1.38x10^-23
What is the work done for an ideal gas?
-Energy=Pressure*change in volume
What are the ideal gas equations?
-p.V=n.R.T
-p.V=N.k.T
Where:
n= no of moles
N=no of molecules
R=molar gas constant
k=Boltzmann’s constant
T=temperature(kelvin)
p=pressure
V=volume
What is absolute zero?
- A temperature of zero kelvin at which the energy of a particle is a minimum
What is the pressure law?
-Pressure is proportional to temperature
-As long as volume and number of moles is constant
What is Boyle’s law?
-Pressure is indirectly proportional to the volume
-As long as temeprature and number of moles is constant
What is Charles’s law?
-The volume is proportional to the temperature
-As long as pressure and number of moles is constant
What is specific latent heat?
-The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature
What is the equation for specific latent heat?
-Energy=mass*specific latent heat
What is specific heat capacity?
-The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree kelvin
What is the equation for specific heat capacity?
-Energy=mass * specific heat capacity * change in temperature
