6.2

Question 1

Neuroscience

Answer 1

The study of the nervous system

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

Nervous cells that transmit nervous signals

Question 3

Glia

Answer 3

Nervous cells that support neurons and maintain homeostasis

Question 4

Soma

Answer 4

The cell body of a neuron

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Projections on the cell body of a neuron that recieves signals

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Tail like structure of neuron that Carrie’s signals away from the cell body

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

Fatty covering on some neurons

Question 8

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 8

Periodic gaps in a myelin sheath that alllow a signal to travel very rapidly

Question 9

Saltatory conduction

Answer 9

The process of a signal jumping from node to node rather than traveling continuously

Question 10

Interneurons

Answer 10

Neurons that connect sensory neurons to other interneurons and motor neurons

Question 11

Sensory neurons

Answer 11

Neurons that carry signals from organs to the spinal cord and brain

Question 12

Resting potential

Answer 12

Difference in charge across the membrane of a cell at rest

Question 13

Action potential

Answer 13

Process of depolarizing a neuron so a signal can travel down the axon

Question 14

Refractory period

Answer 14

Time immediately following an action potential when a neuron can’t be stimulated

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

Moving molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient and consuming ATP

Question 16

Passive transport

Answer 16

Moving molecules across a membrane with their concentration gradient and not consuming ATP

Question 17

Synapse

Answer 17

The gap between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell where a nervous signal is transmitted

Question 18

Presynaptic cell

Answer 18

Cell at the beginning of a synapse that transmits a message

Question 19

Post synapse cell

Answer 19

Cell at the end of a synapse that receives a message

Question 20

Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse

Question 21

Vesicles

Answer 21

Small sacs of liquid enclosed by lipids, used to store neurotransmitters

Question 22

Central nervous system

Answer 22

Brain and spinal cord

Question 23

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 23

Peripheral nerves and sensory receptors

Question 24

Automatic nervous system

Answer 24

Regulates involuntary activities

Question 25

Somatic nervous system

Answer 25

Regulates skeletal muscles and reflex arcs

Question 26

Reflex arc

Answer 26

Pathway signals travel to perform a reflex

Question 27

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

Division of the automatic nervous system that allows the body to react to emergencies

Question 28

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 28

Division of the autonomic nervous system that restores homeostasis after an emergency

Question 29

Chemoreceptors

Answer 29

Sensory receptors that detect chemicals

Question 30

Thermoreceptors

Answer 30

Sensory receptors that detect temperature

Question 31

Photoreceptors

Answer 31

Detect light

Question 32

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 32

Detect force

Question 33

Nocireceptors

Answer 33

Detect pain

Question 34

Retina

Answer 34

Back of eye where photoreceptors reside

Question 35

Iris

Answer 35

Part of eye controls amount of light entering

Question 36

Lens

Answer 36

Part of eye focuses light onto retina

Question 37

Cornea

Answer 37

Transparent front of eye

Question 38

Optic nerve

Answer 38

Nerve transmitting signals from eye to brain

Question 39

Optic chasm

Answer 39

X shaped structure where some optic nerves from right and left cross over each other

Question 40

Rods

Answer 40

Photoreceptors that allow black and white vision

Question 41

Cones

Answer 41

Photoreceptors that allow color vision