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Water Testing > 6.13 > Flashcards

6.13 Flashcards

1
Q

A raised frame to keep out water.

A

Coaming

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2
Q

The total process the distilling plant forms, including evaporation and condensation.

A

Distillation

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3
Q

Chlorine available after demand is met

A

Free Available Chlorine (FAC)

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4
Q

A unit of length, One millionth of a meter.

A

Micron

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5
Q

A treatment device applied to a single tap used for the purpose of
reducing contaminants in drinking water at that tap.

A

Point of Use (POU)

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6
Q

Water that is suitable for human consumption, bathing, laundry, personal hygiene.

A

Potable Water

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7
Q

The reverse of the natural osmosis achieved by causing the solvent to flow in its unnatural direction.

A

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

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8
Q

What 2 Tests are used to detect total coliform and E-coli in the potable water.

A
  1. Colilert
  2. Colisure
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9
Q

Mostly harmless bacteria that live in soil and water as well as the guts of animals.

A

Total Coliform

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10
Q

fecal coliform bacteria commonly found in the intestines of animals and humans. Strong indication of recent sewage or animal waste contamination.

A

E. Coli

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11
Q

Who is responsible for the shipboard potable water systems, including treatment facilities and processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times?

A

Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM)

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12
Q

Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) responsible for

A
  1. Construction
  2. Maintenance
  3. Design
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13
Q

Who is responsible for ship-to-shore potable water connections, providing potable water from an approved source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility.

A

Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM)

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14
Q

Chief, BUMED

A
  1. health standards for water quality afloat
  2. afloat water quality requirements
  3. shipboard requirements for surveillance of potable water systems
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15
Q

Responsible for implementing directives to ensure that adequate water sanitation standards are provided and enforced in each ship within the command

A

Area, Fleet and subordinate commanders

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16
Q

Who is responsible for promulgating a water sanitation bill and making sure it’s followed?

A

Commanding Officers

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17
Q

Who is responsible to the commanding officer for implementing the requirements of the NAVSEASYSCOM.

A

Engineering Department

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18
Q

5 Responsibilities of Engineers

A
  1. Supply and Treatment of Potable Water
  2. Potable water system components
  3. Only by authorized personnel
  4. Halogen and pH testing
  5. Ensure minimum halogen residuals
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19
Q

MDR is responsible for

A
  1. Bacteriological (BACTI) Testing
  2. Daily Halogen Testing
  3. notifying the CO of any discrepancies in the potable water distribution system.
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20
Q

Minimum Usage Requirements per man per day is specified by
for design considerations.

A

NAVSEASYSCOM

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21
Q

How many gallons per day is each person limited to?

A

50 gallons per person

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22
Q

During water hours what is the required minimum?

A

Not less than 2 gallons per man per day

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23
Q

How often is BACTI testing conducted?

A

weekly

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24
Q

How often is halogen testing conducted?

A

daily

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25
Q

What are the 5 potable water system components?

A
  1. Receive
  2. Store
  3. Distribute
  4. Produce
  5. Treat
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26
Q

When are water hours in effect?

A

troop-carrying ships loaded beyond their water- producing capacity.

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27
Q

What is sea water used for?

A

Marine sanitation devices (MSD)

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28
Q

Ship water treatment plants are capable of producing potable water from…

A

bacteriologically contaminated seawater

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29
Q

Potable water must be adequately disinfected to maintain the required…

A

halogen residual level

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30
Q

What are the 5 approved sources?

A
  1. Reverse Osmosis
  2. Shore to Ship approved sources
  3. Shore to Ship unapproved
  4. Ship to Ship
  5. Seawater
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31
Q

Avoid making water while operating in:

A
  1. Polluted seawater
  2. When in close formation
  3. When discharging waste/bilge water
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32
Q

Who approves public water systems?

A

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

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33
Q

U.S Military sources including establishments under the cognizance of:

A
  1. British Royal Navy
  2. Canadian Forces
  3. Royal Australian Navy
  4. Other OCONUS locations NEPMU AOR
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34
Q

Shore to ship transfer from an unapproved source is allowed to be received onboard if the water has been treated at a minimum of what?

A

2.0 ppm

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35
Q

Seawater is used aboard ships for…

A
  1. fire mains
  2. decontamination
  3. marine sanitation devices (MSDs) flushing.
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36
Q

What are the 3 general types of distillation plants?

A
  1. Steam Distilling Plants
  2. Waste Heat Distilling Plant
  3. Vapor Compression Type
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37
Q

Steam Distilling Plants uses steam supplied by what?

A

power plant or auxiliary boiler

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38
Q

Waste Heat Distilling Plant uses heat derived from

A

Diesel Engine

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39
Q

Vapor Compression Type uses what?

A

Electrical Energy

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40
Q

What are the 2 types of Reverse Osmosis?

A
  1. Single
  2. triple pass
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41
Q

Which RO plants requires an additional disinfection such as
chlorination or bromination?

A

single pass

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42
Q

Which RO plants does NOT require an additional disinfection such as chlorination or bromination?

A

triple pass

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43
Q

Reverse Osmosis removes suspended particles as small as

A

1 micron

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44
Q

Reverse Osmosis is a high-pressure pump, that filters water boosted up in pressure to ______ where it is introduced into the RO membranes. A portion of the filtered water, typically ______ permeates through the membrane to become fresh water

A

1000 psi

20-25%

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45
Q

What must potable water tanks never be filled with?

A

ballast water, unless necessary for survival

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46
Q

Potable Water tank coating must be approved by who?

A

NSF/ANSI standard

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47
Q

What are Vents and Overflows lines for?

A

to reduce accidental contamination

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48
Q

Vents and overflow openings screened with…

A

18 gauge mesh

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49
Q

What are some Unauthorized termination points?

A
  1. Food Service Spaces
  2. Medical Spaces
  3. Toilets
  4. Electrical or electronic rooms
  5. Exterior of the ship
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50
Q

3 Water Level Measurement devices

A
  1. Automatic level gauges
  2. Petcocks
  3. Sounding tubes
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51
Q

Sounding tubes that require disinfection prior to use are disinfected with ______ and

must be labeled with what?

A
  1. 100 ppm FAC for 2 minutes
  2. “POTABLE WATER USE ONLY”
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52
Q

Filling Connections (hose valve, Risers)

A
  1. Clearly labeled
  2. Color coded Dark blue
  3. 18 inches from the deck
  4. Turned facing downward
  5. Screw caps with keeper chains
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53
Q

Potable water lines/piping must never be cross connected to what?

A

non-potable water

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54
Q

Potable water filling lines which distribute potable water to non-potable water tanks must have what to prevent backflow?

A

air gap

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55
Q

Potable water piping passing through non-potable water tanks must have the pipe surrounded by a…

A

sloped self-draining pipe tunnel

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56
Q

Potable hot water settings should be set so the temperature at the fixture is what temp at the water tap?

A

120 degrees F

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57
Q

4 Potable Water Hose Lockers Requirements

A
  1. Vermin proof
  2. Locked
  3. 18 inches off the deck
  4. water sanitation bill
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58
Q

5 Potable water Hose requirements

A
  1. Approved for potable water use
  2. Examined routinely
  3. Removed when cracks develop
  4. stored in hose locker when not in use
  5. Shall not be used for any other purpose
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59
Q

Hoses must be clearly labeled with what?

A
  • “POTABLE WATER ONLY”
  • 1 inch letters
  • every 10 feet
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60
Q

Couplings will be color-coded

A

dark blue

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61
Q

Valves for receiving or supplying potable water (Risers) must be clearly labeled with warning:

A
  • “POTABLE WATER ONLY”
  • 1/4 inch letters
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62
Q

Valves or valve handles must be color-coded

A

dark blue

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63
Q

Sounding tubes will be clearly labeled with?

Sounding tube cap will be what color?

A

ID plate

dark blue

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64
Q

Potable Water Hose Lockers will be labeled

A

“POTABLE WATER HOSE”

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65
Q

What shall be tested prior to the initial transfer of water?

A

Halogen residual

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66
Q

If halogen residual is not within minimum standard (0.2 ppm), what must be done?

A

boost halogen residual to the appropriate level

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67
Q

If halogen residual is within standards (0.2 ppm), what must be done?

A

no further treatment is required

68
Q

Potable water connections between shore and ship must be made or supervised by who?

A

authorized shore station personnel or properly trained ship
personnel.

69
Q

Engineering will notify who prior to making potable water hose connection?

A

MDR

70
Q

MDR will test the ___________ and make recommendation to the ______________.

A

Halogen residual

engineering department

71
Q

Potable water hose shall not be submerged in what?

A

harbor water

72
Q

Potable water from sources of doubtful quality shall be

A

investigated and examined thoroughly

73
Q

The minimum halogen residual requirements for water with doubtful quality is

A

2.0 PPM

74
Q

For Ship-to-Shore transfer remove shore cap and flush pier side potable water outlet for how long?

A

15-30 seconds

75
Q

Immerse outlet and rinse fitting in solution containing _________ for at least how long?

A
  1. 100-ppm FAC (free available chlorine)
  2. 2 minutes
76
Q

The potable water hose must be ___________ before the
connection is made.

A

cleaned & disinfected

77
Q

Disinfect shipboard riser connections with what?

A

100-ppm FAC solution

78
Q

Other FDA listed food contact surface disinfectants such as _____ may be used to disinfect the hose if approved by who?

A

Iodine

MDR

79
Q

When the transfer is completed, what are the next 3 steps?

A
  1. secure the shore water source
  2. remove the ship connection
  3. then remove the shore connection
80
Q

After draining the potable water hose thoroughly, properly store in the…

A

potable water hose storage locker

81
Q

For Ship-to-ship transfer what’s the procedure?

A
  1. Both ships disinfect their riser connections.
  2. leading hose shall have hose cap in place during the
    high-line procedure.
  3. When the receiving ship secures the potable water hose, the cap is removed and the hose coupling disinfected.
  4. The supplying ship connects its end and flushes the hose.
  5. When transfer is complete, receiving ship removes hose and replaces the caps on the receiving connection and potable water hose.
  6. The supplying ship then retrieves, couples or caps, and properly stores the potable water hose.
82
Q

What’s the purpose of halogen residual testing?

A
  1. Quick indication that water may have been improperly treated or handled.
  2. Absence of Halogen in the ship’s potable water may indicate contamination.
83
Q

What’s the purpose of bacteriological testing?

A
  1. Ensure it’s good for human consumption.
  2. To assess adequacy of disinfection process.
84
Q

Chemical Quality

A
  1. Naval vessels are exempt
  2. Chemical analysis is complex
  3. If assistance is required, notify the nearest NEPMU
85
Q

Engineering Department routinely performs what tests?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. pH
86
Q

Halogenation is more effective when water is what?

A

warmer

87
Q

What is the normal range for halogen residual?

A

(0.2 - 2.0 ppm)

88
Q

Ships with large potable water distribution systems such as aircraft carriers shall maintain at least a _________ of chlorine in the distal ends of the distribution systems.

A

trace level

89
Q

If water is received from an unapproved source, or a source of doubtful quality, the halogen residual at point of consumption shall be a minimum

A

2.0 ppm FAC

90
Q

Water testing is routinely performed by MDR at what frequency?

A
  1. Daily: TBR
  2. Weekly: In conjunction with bacterial analysis
  3. Prior to: receipt of potable water
91
Q

The Engineering Department is responsible for checking the Halogen level of the potable water tanks after

A

30 minutes

92
Q

What is MCL?

A

maximum contaminant level for coliform bacteria

93
Q

Who establishes the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)?

A

EPA

94
Q

400 personnel or less

A

requires 4 samples

95
Q

Over 400 - 800 personnel

A

requires 8 samples

96
Q

More than 800 personnel

A

requires 12 samples

97
Q

Samples will include what % of ship’s ice machines & ship’s potable water tanks.

A

25% or ¼

98
Q

Emergency Potable Water Tanks will be tested how often?

A

monthly

99
Q

What are the 2 approved methods for water testing?

A
  1. Colilert
  2. Colisure
100
Q

Each positive sample will require

A

3 repeat samples

101
Q

Repeat monitoring:

A

1) Original source
2) One upstream (no more than 5 service connections)
3) One downstream (no more than 5 service connections)
4) Collect samples within 24 hours of positive sample

102
Q

Collect samples within how many hours of a positive sample?

A

24 hours

103
Q

Chlorine or bromine residuals are determined by using what test?

A

DPD test

104
Q

What are the 2 DPD tests?

What do they test for?

A
  1. DPD #1 - test for FAC or TBR
  2. DPD #4 - test for chloramines (total chlorine) residual
105
Q

Halogen testing can be accomplished using what 2 test kits?

A
  1. Color comparator test kit
  2. Portable Spectrophotometer
106
Q

Color comparator accuracy is

A

(+) or (-) 10 percent

107
Q

Portable Spectrophotometer accuracy is

A

(+) or (-) 2 percent

108
Q

4 reasons to preform Bacteriological testing

A
  1. Routine weekly
  2. Abnormal halogen is present
  3. Suspicion of contamination
  4. After repairs
109
Q

What are the 2 Shipboard EPA approved methods for bacteriological testing?

A
  1. Colilert
  2. Colisure
110
Q

Label sample bottle or bag with what 3 things?

A
  1. Location
  2. Date and time
  3. Sampler’s initial
111
Q

How many milliliters of tap water should be collected in the sample bottle or bag containing sodium thiosulfate(BAC-T)?

A

100ml

112
Q

How long do you incubate samples for?

A

24 hours

113
Q

What temperature must the incubator?

A

35º C

114
Q

To examine the samples you must place them under what?

A

UV lamp

115
Q

Colilert:

What does clear, yellow, and fluorescent yellow mean?

A

Clear = Negative

Yellow = Positive for total coliform

Fluorescent yellow = Positive for fecal coliform

116
Q

Colisure:

What does clear, yellow, and fluorescent yellow mean?

A

Yellow = Negative
Magenta = Positive for total coliforms
Fluorescent light blue = Positive for E. Coli

117
Q

Positive and negative control should be conducted on the day of

A

bacteriological testing

118
Q

Where do you record the water testing results?

A
  1. TMIP
  2. Potable water log
119
Q

12 Sources of Contamination:

A
  1. Cross connections with non-potable water
  2. Leaks between PWTs and fuel tanks, ballast
    tanks, bilges, and wastewater tanks
  3. Leaks in non-potable piping through water tanks
  4. Improper disposal of chemicals or liquids
  5. hoses used for non-potable liquids
  6. Excessive storage time of water in tanks
  7. Water production from contaminated raw water source
  8. Inadequate disinfection procedures
  9. Transfer from shore facilities/barges, which have taste/odor problems
  10. PWT used for non-potable water liquids.
  11. Deteriorated tank coatings
  12. producing potable water while pumping oily bilges overboard or close proximity to other ships
120
Q

What are the approved methods for disinfecting shipboard potable water?

A

Chlorine and Bromine

121
Q

What are the 2 types of brominators?

A
  1. In-line Brominator
  2. Recirculation Brominator
122
Q

Manual chlorine disinfection is also known as?

A

Batch Method

123
Q

What is the least desirable method of water disinfection? and why?

A

Batch method

May result in over-chlorination

124
Q

What is the disinfectant of choice?

A

Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH)

125
Q

Chlorine dosage for HTH:

A

One ounce HTH Per 5,000 gallons of water = 1.0 ppm FAC

126
Q

Water from approved source:

A

0.2 ppm FAC/TBR after 30 minute contact time

127
Q

Water from Unapproved source:

A

2.0 ppm FAC/TBR after 30 minute contact time

128
Q

If the ships brominator cannot achieve a TBR of 2.0 ppm, then…

A

the water must be chlorinated by “Batch Method”

129
Q

How many methods are there for disinfection of PWT?

A

3

130
Q

Method 1:

A

10ppm/ 24 hours

131
Q

Method 2:

A

200ppm & 10ppm/ 30 min

132
Q

Method 3:

A

Fill 5%

50 ppm/ 6 hours

Add water/ 24 hours

133
Q

What’s the first step in controlling a taste/odor problem?

A

Try to identify the source of the taste and odor problem.

134
Q

If the source of taste and odor problem cannot be identified use what method?

A

Chlorination Method

135
Q

Chlorination Method for bad odor/taste:

A

1) Chlorinate to 5.0 ppm FAC
2) Distribute at 2.0 ppm FAC

136
Q

The use of the steam method requires approval from who?

A

NAVSEASYSCOM

137
Q

Steam Method:

A

Boil sample water for one minute to ensure proper effect

138
Q

Steam Method:

A

Boil sample water for one minute to ensure proper effect

139
Q

Who can you request outside assistance from?

A

Contact NEPMU via TYCOM Medical Officer

140
Q

If problem cannot be resolved, or is suspected to involve tank coatings, the recommendation will be to notify who?

A

NAVSEASYSCOM via CoC

141
Q

Storing Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH):

A
  1. 6 ounce bottles.
  2. corrosive and chemically active nature
  3. Contact with another oxidizable material may result in spontaneous combustion.
  4. Store in cool, dry, well ventilated place
  5. Stow in a locked box mounted on a bulkhead
  6. Preferably in the Engineering office space
  7. Metal box
    1) Three ¼ ” holes drilled in the bottom of the box to allow release of chlorine gas
142
Q

Box must not be installed in:

A
  1. Machinery space
  2. Flammable liquids storeroom
  3. Berthing space
  4. Paint storeroom
  5. Oil and water test lab areas
143
Q

No more than how much HTH shall be maintained in ready use stock at any time.

A

7 day supply

144
Q

Storeroom (Bulk) stocks of calcium hypochlorite must be stowed in
.

A

labeled, ventilated lockers or bins

145
Q

Located where the maximum temperature will not exceed what temp?
and not subject to what?

A

100 degrees F

condensations or water accumulation

146
Q

Issue of HTH will be designated by who?

A

Medical or Engineering Officer

147
Q

The locker or bin must not be adjacent to a magazine and located at least how from from any heat source?

A

5 feet away

148
Q

Must not be stored in an area where what is stored?

A

paints, oils, grease, or other combustible organic materials

149
Q

No more than how many 6oz bottles shall be stored in any individual locker or bin?

A

48

150
Q

All lockers, bins and enclosures containing HTH shall be labeled with what?

A

“Hazardous material, calcium hypochlorite”

in red letters with a white background

151
Q

Storing Bromine Cartridges

A
  1. Slightly corrosive and requires proper handling and storage
  2. Must be stored in a clean, dry, well ventilated storeroom
  3. Must have a hazardous warning plate
  4. Shelf life of two years from the date of manufacture
152
Q

Bromine storage lockers must have a hazardous warning plate IAW what?

A

NSTM Chapter 533

153
Q

Bromine Cartridges have a normal shelf life of what from the date of manufacture?

A

2 years

154
Q

What shall be posted conspicuously in areas where potable
water and associated materials are processed, treated, or stored?

A

Water Sanitation Bill

155
Q

Water Sanitation bill should consist of the following:

A

(a) Responsibility
(b) Sources
(c) Connection procedures for:
1) Ship to shore
2) Ship to ship
(d) Potable Water Hoses
(e) Storage Tanks
(f) Disinfection Procedures
(g) Halogen Residual Testing

(h) Bacteriological Testing
(i) Temperature, pH and Salinity Testing
(j) Disinfection of Tanks and Distribution System
(k) Distribution System
(l) Records

156
Q

MDR will maintain a chronological record of potable water surveillance for how long?

A

2-year

157
Q

The log must include the following:

A
  1. Time and date each water sample
  2. Location of ship
  3. Sampling site
  4. Source
  5. Halogen Residual
  6. Bacteriological test result
  7. Presence or absence
  8. Include +/- controls
  9. Purpose of test
    a) Weekly
    b) Special
    c) In connection with disinfecting tanks, pipes or systems.
  10. Include action taken for any discrepancies found.
    a) Taste and odor problem
    b) Inspection and survey results
158
Q

Potable water must be adequately disinfected to maintain the required…

A

halogen residual level

159
Q

How many ml of water do you use for a BACT?

A

100ml

160
Q

How many ml of water do you use for Halogen residual testing?

A

10ml

161
Q

4 Water Disinfection Procedures:

A
  1. Chlorine and Bromine
  2. Automatic chlorine disinfection
  3. Brominator
  4. Batch Method
162
Q

Chlorine dosage rule:

A

1oz of HTH / per 5,000 gallons of water

= 1.0 ppm FAC

163
Q

Halogen residual Approved source

A

.2 ppm FAC/TBR

after 30 min

164
Q

Halogen residual Unapproved source

A

2.0 ppm FAC/TBR

after 30 min

165
Q

If the ships brominator cannot achieve a TBR of 2.0 ppm, the water must be…

A

chlorinated by “Batch Method”

Water Testing (7 decks)

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