6.1.2 Patterns of inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

Define genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an organism (alleles it has for a gene)

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2
Q

Define phenotype

A

expression of genes and their interaction with the environment

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3
Q

Define homozygous

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene

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4
Q

Define heterozygous

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying two different alleles for a single gene

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5
Q

Define recessive allele

A

An allele which is only expressed if no dominant allele is present

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6
Q

Define dominant allele

A

An allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype

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7
Q

Define codominance

A

Both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote resulting in a different phenotype

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8
Q

Multiple alleles

A

More than two alleles for a single gene

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9
Q

Sex-linkage

A

A gene whose locus is on an X chromosome

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10
Q

Autosomal linkage

A

Genes that are located on the same chromosome (but not the sex chromosome)

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11
Q

Epistasis

A

When one gene influences (affects or masks) the expression of another

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12
Q

Monohybrid

A

Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene

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13
Q

Dihybrid

A

Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by two genes

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14
Q

In a dihybrid cross, if two heterozygous parents are crossed what phenotypic ratio would you expect in offspring?

A

9:3:3:1
Unless there is autosomal linkage, crossing over in meiosis or epistasis.

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