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P6 Best Bits > 6.1.2 - Alpha, Beta, Gamma > Flashcards

6.1.2 - Alpha, Beta, Gamma Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean if an atom is stable?

A

It does not break down or decay.

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2
Q

What do the nuclei of an atom that is unstable emit?

A

Radiation.

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3
Q

What is the name given to particles that emit radiation?

A

Radioactive.

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4
Q

What type of radiation is alpha?

A

Particle.

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5
Q

What is the symbol for alpha?

A

α

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6
Q

What is alpha?

A

The nucleus of a helium atom.

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7
Q

What is the equation symbol for alpha?

A

4 He

2

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8
Q

What type of radiation is beta?

A

Particle.

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9
Q

What is the symbol for beta?

A

β

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10
Q

What is beta?

A

A fast-moving electron.

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11
Q

What is the equation symbol for beta?

A

0 e

-1

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12
Q

What type of radiation is gamma?

A

Electromagnetic wave.

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13
Q

What is the symbol for gamma?

A

γ

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14
Q

What is gamma?

A

A wave of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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15
Q

What is the equation symbol for gamma?

A

None.

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16
Q

What type of radiation is a neutron?

A

Particle.

17
Q

What is the symbol for a neutron?

A

n.

18
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A particle in the nucleus.

19
Q

What is the equation symbol for a neutron?

A

1 n

0

20
Q

In all of the equation symbols, what does the top number mean?

A

The mass relative to a proton.

21
Q

In all of the equation symbols, what does the bottom number mean?

A

The charge.

22
Q

What is the question posed by the fact that a nucleus does not contain electrons.

A

Where does the beta particle come from.

23
Q

Are neutrons stable?

A

No.

24
Q

Neutrons are not stable, what can they decay to make?

A

A proton and an electron.

25
Q

What do you detect radiation with?

A

A Geiger counter.

26
Q

What happens when radiation enters a Geiger counter?

A

A click.

27
Q

What is each click of the Geiger counter?

A

A tiny current produced when the radiation ionises atoms of the gas inside the tube.

28
Q

What will stop an alpha radiation?

A

A few sheets of paper or a few cms of air.

29
Q

What will stop a beta radiation?

A

A few mms of aluminium.

30
Q

What will stop gamma radiation?

A

A few cms of lead or a few ms of concrete.

But some still ay get through.

31
Q

What is the radiation emitted by radioactive material?

A

Ionising radiation.

32
Q

What does ionising radiation mean?

A

The radiation can remove electrons from atoms to produce positively charged ions.

33
Q

What is an alpha ionising power?

Range?

A

Large.

Short.

34
Q

What is a beta ionising power?

Range?

A

Medium.

Medium.

35
Q

What is a gamma ionising power?

Range?

A

Low.

Long.

36
Q

What do you have to do to an atom to ionise it?

A

Transfer energy to it.

P6 Best Bits (8 decks)

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