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OT 610 > 610 Exam 2 > Flashcards

610 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Flow of CSF

A
  • Lateral ventricles → interventricular foramina → third ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → fourth ventricle → subarachnoid space through the roof of the 4th ventricle and other openings → flows around the spinal cord
  • From the subarachnoid space → leaves through the arachnoid villi → the superior sinuses, mixing with venous blood
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2
Q

Flow of blood in the internal carotid arterial system

A
  • Right: aorta → brachiocephalic artery → right common carotid artery
  • Left: aorta → left common carotid artery
  • follow same path after
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3
Q

3 terminal branches of the internal carotid arteries

A
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • middle cerebral artery
  • anterior choroidal artery
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4
Q

common carotid artery branches

A
  • ascend in neck

- ~C5 vertebral level, branches into external and internal carotid arteries

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5
Q

external carotid supplies blood to:

A

the facial and anterior neck regions and the meninges

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6
Q

internal carotid

A
  • supplies blood to a portion of the brain
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7
Q

internal carotid branches

A

enters skull, moves upward & branches:

  1. posterior communicating artery
  2. anterior cerebral
  3. middle cerebral
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8
Q

Flow of the vertebral-basilar arterial system

A
  • Right of midline: aorta → brachiocephalic artery → right subclavian artery → right vertebral artery
  • aorta → left subclavian artery → left vertebral artery
  • vertebral arteries merge to form basilar artery at level of the pons
  • bifurcates into posterior cerebral arteries at the midbrain & join the circle of Willis
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9
Q

Vertebral-basilar system supplies blood to:

A
  • cranial part of the spinal cord
  • the brainstem
  • the cerebellum
  • the posterior part of the brain
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10
Q

posterior cerebral artery terminal branches supply blood to:

A
  • occipital lobe
  • the inferior part of the temporal lobe
  • various deep structures of the thalamus and posterior limb of the internal capsule
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11
Q

arteries part of the circle of Willis

A
  • anterior communicating artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • internal carotid artery
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12
Q

blood supply to the cerebellum

A
  • supplied by the vertebral-basilar arterial system
  • cerebellar arteries branch from the vertebral arteries (PICA) and the basilar artery (SCA and AICA)
  • superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  • posterior inferior cerebelalr artery (PICA)
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13
Q

deep forebrain structures

A
  • hypothalamus
  • internal capsule
  • basal ganglia
  • thalamus
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14
Q

blood supply to the deep forebrain structures

A

vertebral-basilar system

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15
Q

blood supply to the brainstem

A

basilar artery and vertebral arteries on their way to the brain from the subclavian arteries

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16
Q

posterior cerebral artery supplies blood to:

A
  • thalamus
  • part of the basal ganglia
  • part of the internal capsule
17
Q

anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to:

A
  • part of the internal capsule
  • part of basal ganglia
  • hypothalamus
18
Q

middle cerebral artery supplies blood to:

A
  • basal ganglia

- part of the internal capsule

19
Q

damage to the middle cerebral artery leads to:

A

contralateral motor loss

20
Q

Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

A
  • tangle of arterial and venous vessels that interrupts the oxygen exchange
  • often congenital
  • usually asymptomatic
  • some people have seizures or headaches
  • can rupture and cause neurological damage
21
Q

change in diameter of blood vessel affecting flow rate

A

large vessel → increase rate

22
Q

aneurysm

A
  • a weakening in blood vessel wall causing ballooning of the artery at that spot
  • can cause hemorrhage
  • usually happens at the posterior cerebral artery
23
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A
  • interruption of blood flow to brain

- two causes: hemorrhagic & ischemic

24
Q

hemorrhagic CVA

A

rupture of blood vessels (i.e., AVM or aneurism); uncontrolled

25
Q

ischemic CVA

A

blockage of blood vessel, through buildup (thrombotic) and/or clot or substance causing block (embolic); a little more controlled

OT 610 (1 decks)

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