6.1 Survival and response Flashcards
reflect arc
stimulus > receptor > sensory neurone > relay neurone > motor neuron > effector > response
what a receptors
detect stimulus
what are effectors
cells that bring about a response to a stimulus to produce an effect
examples of effectors
muscle cells or cells found in glands
how do receptors and effectors communicate
via nervous system or hormonal system
three types of neuron
sensory
relay
motor
sensory neuron
transmit electrical impulses from receptors to CNS
relay neuron
transmit electrical impulses between sensory and motor
motor neuron
transmit impulses from CNS to effectors
what does a relay neuron not have
myelin sheath
where are sensory neurons found
receptors
what do motor neurons do
control muscle movements
- when stimulated they release neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on muscles tp trigger a response
dendrites
- receive signals from other neurons
- connected to cell body
axon
- long fibre that carries nerve impulses (action potential) towards axon terminal
what are most axons surrounded by
myelin sheath
role of myelin sheath
insulates axon so action potential travels faster along axon
axon terminal
connects neurons to other neurons using synaptic transmission
what is an action potential
electrical impulses sent along neurones are called nerve impulses or action potentials
how does nervous communication occur
when electrical impulse reaches end of of a neuron, neurotransmitters are taken information across the synapse to the next neurone where another impulse is generated
target cells
cells that neurotransmitters are released onto
have specific receptors
what is a simple reflex
rapid involuntary response to a stimulus
are réflexes voluntary or involuntary
involuntary
