6.1 - introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
on what physical property does fractional distillation depend on?
boiling temperature / point
describe the meaning of cracking.
breaking of a hydrocarbon / carbon chain to give smaller chain hydrocarbons
describe the characteristics of a homologous series.
- same functional group
- same chemical properties
- same general formula
during cracking, carbon-carbon bonds are broken. explain the 2 major reasons for cracking.
- smaller hydrocarbons are more in demand
- cracking gives a short chain hydrocarbon & alkene
- alkene used in polymers
what is a hydrocarbon?
compound of hydrogen & carbon only
what is a functional group?
group of atoms which gives an organic compound its characteristic properties & reactions
give an example of molecular formula.
C3H8
-list and range of atoms grouped together
give an example of display formula.
-c-c-c-
- shows arrangement of atoms
give an example of structural formula.
CH3CH2CH3
- simpler display formula
give an example of skeletal formula.
/
- shows functional group, carbon at the end of every line
what’s an isomer?
compounds of the same molecular formula but different structural formula
chain isomerism
different chains of carbon atoms
position isomerism
different position of the same functional group
functional group isomerism
same molecular formula but different functional group
- pentane
- methylbutane
- dimethylpropane
what type of isomerism is this?
chain isomerism
