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Foundations Exam 2 > 6.1 Epithelial Tissue Structure and Function (Histology) > Flashcards

6.1 Epithelial Tissue Structure and Function (Histology) Flashcards

1
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • 1 layer of thin flat cells. Central, prominent nuclei.
  • Found in lining of vessels (endothelium), Serous linings of cavities (mesothelium).
  • Functions to regulate passage of substances to underlying tissue, Secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium).
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2
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium:

Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • 1 layer. Nuclei round and central. More mitochondria and ER than simple squamous.
  • Found in most ducts, kidney tubules, thyroid follicle, covering ovary.
  • Functions in covering and secretion (active transport across epithelium).
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3
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • 1 layer of rectangular cells. Terminal bars at apical side. Can have microvilli or cilia and goblet cells.
  • Function in protection, lubrication, absorption, and secretion.
  • Found in linings of intestine, kidney, reproductive tract, gallbladder, ducts.
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4
Q

Microvilli: Describe appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • Simple, fingerlike projections of cytoplasm. Visible in LM as brush border.
  • Line intestinal tracts. Especially in epithelia that function in absorption.
  • Function: increase surface area, non motile.
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5
Q

Cilia: Describe appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • Larger than microvilli. Visible in LM as wave of long projections.
  • Found in respiratory and uterine tubes.
  • Fxn: motile, rapid series of sliding movements produces beating motion.
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6
Q

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • 1 layer of cells of variable height. Nuclei at varying depths makes it appear layered though all cells really attach at basement membrane.
  • Found in lining of respiratory system, male urethra and epididymis.
  • Fxn in protection, secretion, cilia-mediated transport of particles.
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7
Q

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • Flat apical cells
  • Found in wet cavities: mouth, esophagus, vagina, anal canal, cornea.
  • Fxn in protection, secretion.
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8
Q

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • Flat apical cells. Cells at apical surface filled with keratin intermediate filaments. Become flattened squares–> metabolically inactive. These can be sloughed off of surface and replenished from basal layer of cells.
  • Found in Epidermis.
  • Fxn in protection, prevents water loss.
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9
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • 2+ layers. Concentric circles of nuclei around very small lumen. Rare.
  • Found in sweat glands, salivary glands, developing ovarian follicles.
  • Fxn in protection and secretion.
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10
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • 2+ layers. Apical layer is columnar, Basal layer is cuboidal. Rare.
  • Found in conjunctiva of eye, male urethra, salivary gland ducts.
  • Fxn in protection.
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11
Q

Transitional Epithelium: Describe cell appearance, Common locations, and Main Functions.

A
  • Stratified (increased stratification in relaxed badder versus fastened bladder). Apical “umbrella” cells which vary in shape (round in relaxed bladder, flat in distended bladder.
  • Lines urinary tract (bladder, ureters, renal calyces).
  • Fxn in protection from urine.
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12
Q

Describe the typical structure of glands.

A

A gland can be a single cell or mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion.

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13
Q

Describe endocrine glands.

A
  • NO ducts.
  • Secrete hormones into bloodstream.
  • Ex: Thyroid.
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14
Q

Describe exocrine glands.

A
  • YES ducts.
  • Secrete sweat, ear wax, saliva, digestive enzyme, etc, into ducts.
  • Exocrine glands have ducts that lead to another organ or the body surface. Inside the gland the duct runs through the CT of septa and branches repeatedly until its smallest branches end in the secretory orations of the gland.
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15
Q

Simple Tubular Glands: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Elongated secretory portion; Duct short or absent.

- Found in mucus glands of colon, intestine.

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16
Q

Simple Branched Tubular Glands: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Several long secretory parts joining to drain into 1 duct.
  • Found in glands of uterus and stomach.
17
Q

Simple Coiled Tubular Glands: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Secretory portion is very long and coiled. Short duct.

- Found in sweat glands.

18
Q

Simple Acinar (Alveolar) Glands: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Rounded, saclike secretory portion. Very short duct.

- Found in mucous glands along urethra.

19
Q

Simple Branched Acinar Gland: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Several saclike secretory portions, empty into Single duct.
  • Found in sebaceous glands of the skin.
20
Q

Compound Branched Tubular Gland: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Several elongated, coiled secretory units with ducts that converge to form larger ducts. (Maple Leaf)
  • Found in submucosal mucous glands in duodenum.
21
Q

Compound Acinar Glands: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Several sac-like secretory units with small ducts which converge into larger duct. (Like Maple Leaf with Rounded Sacs on end).
  • Found in Exocrine pancreas.
22
Q

Compound Tubulo-Acinar Glands: Describe characteristics and Common locations. (Don’t need to Identify)

A
  • Ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units converge at larger ducts.
  • Found in Salivary glands.
23
Q

Types of Exocrine Gland Secretions

  • Holocrine
  • Merocrine
  • Apocrine
A
  • Holocrine: Cells accumulate secretory product as they mature. Entire cell lysed and released into lumen. Located in Sebaceous gland of skin.
  • Apocrine: Product accumulates at apical end of cell. Secretory product and some apical cytoplasm and some plasma membrane all released into lumen. Located in Mammary glands.
  • Merocrine: Most common method of protein secretion. Exocytosis of proteins from vesicles. can be further categorized as serous, mucous, or seromucous based on type of secretory product.
24
Q

ID Serous Merocrine Glands: Describe appearance, locations, and function.

A
  • Darkly stained. Lumen of acidic very small.
  • Located in acini of pancreas and parotid.
  • Fxn in watery secretion of nonglycosylated proteins and digestive enzymes.
25
Q

Describe characteristics of Serous cells

A

Pyramidal, round nucleus, small dense apical secretory granules, developed RER and GOLGI, many mitochondria.

26
Q

ID Mucous Merocrine Glands: Describe appearance, locations, and function.

A
  • Poorly stains with eosin. PAS positive.
  • Located in salivary glands, stomach, duodenum, esophagus.
  • Fxn in viscous secretion (mucins).
27
Q

Describe mucous cells.

A

Columnar, flattened nuclues. Do not stain well.

28
Q

ID Seromucous Merocrine Glands: Describe appearance, locations, and function.

A
  • Stain darkly.
  • Located in salivary glands.
  • Fxn in secretion of mixture of digestive enzymes and watery mucus.
29
Q

Describe myoepithelial cells.

A

Small, flattened contractile cells inside basal lamina. Not easily seen in LM. Move secretory products into and thru cuts.

30
Q

ID and Describe goblet cells.

A

a column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes the main component of mucus.

Foundations Exam 2 (2 decks)

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