6.1 Digestion and Absorption

Question 1

Parts of the digestive system

Answer 1

Salivary glands, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 2

Mouth

Answer 2

Chewing and breaking down food
Saliva - has enzymes (salivary amylase) that breaks down starch into glucose
Teeth (mechanical digestion) - gives more SA to the food by splitting it into smaller parts [allows more enzymes and acids to get to the food and break it down]

Question 3

Esophagus

Answer 3

Brings food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis

Question 4

Peristalsis

Answer 4

Series of wave-like contraction that moves food to different parts of the digestive tract

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

Made of smooth muscle - contracts and relaxes to churn and mix food with secreted water and gastric juice
Gastric juice - made of acid and enzymes
Pepsin (enzyme) - breaks down proteins into amino acids
Acid - kills foreign bacteria
Mucus - protects stomach from coming in contact with the acid

Question 6

Liver

Answer 6

Secretion of bile

Question 7

Gall bladder

Answer 7

Storage and release of bile (into the small intestine - duodenum)

Question 8

Bile

Answer 8

Emulsifier (separates it into small droplets)
Aids in absorption of lipids so it can be acted upon by enzymes that takes hydrophobic fat molecules and breaks them up into fatty acids and monoglycerides (can be absorbed by all epithelial tissue)

Question 9

Pancreas

Answer 9

Secretes 3 types of enzymes: lipase, amylase and protease

Digest most macromolecules in food into monomers in the small intestine

Macromolecules = proteins, starch, glycogen, lipids, nucleic acids

Cellulose remains undigested