6.1-6.3

Question 1

Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, and triglyceride storage

Answer 1

Functions of skeletal system

Question 2

The skeleton serves as the structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing attachment points for the tendons of most skeletal muscles

Answer 2

Support

Question 3

The skeleton protects the most important internal organs from injury

Answer 3

Protection

Question 4

Most skeletal muscles attach to bones; when they contract, they pull on bones to produce movement

Answer 4

Assistance in movement

Question 5

Bone tissue makes up about 18% of the weight of the human body. It stores several minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus which contribute to the strength of bone. Bone tissue stores about 99% of the body’s calcium. On demand, bone releases minerals into the blood to maintain critical mineral balances (homeostasis) and to distribute the minerals to other parts of the body

Answer 5

Mineral homeostasis

Question 6

Within certain bones, connective tissue called red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, a process called hemopoiesis. Red bone marrow consist of developing blood cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages within a network of reticular fibers. With age, much home marrow changes from red to yellow

Answer 6

Blood cell production

Question 7

Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides. The stored triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve

Answer 7

Triglyceride storage

Question 8

The bone’s shaft or body; long, cylindrical, main portion of bone

Answer 8

Diaphysis

Question 9

Proximal and distal ends ends of the bone

Answer 9

Epiphyses

Question 10

In a growing bone, each metaphysics contains and epiphyseal plate, a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis of the bone to grow in length. When a bone ceases to grow in length at about ages 14 to 24, the cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone; the resulting bony structure is the epiphyseal line

Answer 10

Metaphyses

Question 11

Thin layer on hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone; reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints. Lacks blood vessels and perichondrium

Answer 11

Articular cartilage

Question 12

Tough connective tissue sheath and its associated blood supply that surrounds the bone surface where ever it is not covered by articular cartilage

Answer 12

Periosteum

Question 13

Hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults

Answer 13

Medullary cavity

Question 14

Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. Contains a single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue

Answer 14

Endosteum

Question 15

Contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells

Answer 15

Osseous tissue (bone)

Question 16

Deposition of mineral salts, primarily hydroxyapatite, in a framework formed by collagen fibers in which the tissue hardens

Answer 16

Calcification

Question 17

Unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme. They are the only bone cells to undergo cell division; resulting cells develop into osteoblasts

Answer 17

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 18

Bone building cells; synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue and initiate calcification

Answer 18

Osteoblasts

Question 19

Mature bone cells, are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism such as the exchange of nutrients and waste from the blood

Answer 19

Osteocytes

Question 20

Carve out bone. Huge cells derived from the fusion of monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum

Answer 20

Osteoclasts

Question 21

Strongest form of bone tissue; found beneath the periosteum of all bones and makes up the bulk of the diaphyses of long bones

Answer 21

Compact bone tissue

Question 22

Basic unit of structure in adult compact bone

Answer 22

Osteons

Question 23

Circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter, surrounding blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal

Answer 23

Concentric lamellae

Question 24

Spaces between the concentric lamellae that contain osteocytes

Answer 24

Lacunae

Question 25

Filled with extracellular matrix; Connect lacunae with one another and with central canals, forming an intricate, miniature system of interconnected canals throughout the bone

Answer 25

Canaliculi

Question 26

Areas between osteons

Answer 26

Interstitial lamellae

Question 27

Lamellae around the outer and inner shaft of a long bone; develop during initial bone formation

Answer 27

Circumferential lamellae

Question 28

The vessels and nerves in these connect with those of the medullary cavity, periosteum, and central canals

Answer 28

Perforating canals

Question 29

Does not contain osteons; located in the interior of the bone that’s covered my compact bone

Answer 29

Spongy bone tissue

Question 30

Also knows as little beams; lamellae that is arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns

Answer 30

Trabeculae