6.1 Flashcards
What did B.F. Skinner develop?
What did he write?
“Baby in a Box”
“Walden Two” (children raised only with praise and incentives)
What is learning?
A relatively enduring change in behavior, resulting from experience.
Conditioning
A process in which environmental stimuli and behavioral responses become connected.
What are the 2 types of conditioning?
Classical conditioning (Pavlovian) Operant Conditioning (instrumental conditioning)
Classical (Pavlovian Conditioning)
Occurs when you learn that two types of events go together. A type of learned response; a neutral object comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces that response.
Operant (instrumental) conditioning
Occurs when you learn that a behavior leads to a particular outcome
Salivary reflex (Pavlov’s apparatus)
Automatic unlearned response occurs when a food stimulus is presented to a hungry animal
Unconditioned response (UR)
A response that does not have to be learned; such as a reflex
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
A stimulus that elicits a response, such as a reflex, without any prior learning.
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place
Conditioned Response (CR)
A response to a conditioned stimulus; a response that has been learned.
Acquisition
The gradual formation of an association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
Extinction
A process in which the conditioned response is weakened when the conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned stimulus.
Spontaneous Recovery
A process in which a previously extinguished response reemerges after the presentation of the conditioned stimulus.
Stimulus generalization
Learning that occurs when stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus produce the conditioned response
