Question 1

ADH is released by the _______________.

Accepted Answer

posterior pituitary (like how the ADH waterboy has the water on his back – his posterior side)

Question 2

ADH activates V1 receptors. What kind of receptor is this and what does it do?

Accepted Answer

It is a Gq receptor that leads to vasoconstriction. Think of the Q-shaped mound that the V1 hole is on and how the golfer there is bending – constricting – his golf club.

Question 3

Where are V2 receptors located? What do they do? What kind of receptor are they?

Accepted Answer

V2 receptors are Gs proteins on the basolateral side of the collecting duct. Activation leads to increased cAMP that causes aquaporin channels to insert into the apical membrane and absorb free water.

Question 4

Which kind of vasopressin receptor mediates the release of Von Willebrand factor?

Accepted Answer

V2 – like how there are two people playing pool on the Von Wille Brand-sponsored pool table. Also, remember that this causes the release of factor VIII – like the 8 ball that the waterboy is aiming for.

Question 5

Lithium causes _____________ diabetes insipidus.

Accepted Answer

nephrogenic (think of how the guy with the LIftium balloons is closer to the kidney sand trap)

Question 6

What drug can treat nephrogenic DI?

Accepted Answer

Thiazides, because they reduce plasma volume and cause increased NaCl absorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (Think of the thiazide speedo boy retrieving the golf ball.)

Question 7

What drug blocks lithium entry into collecting duct cells?

Accepted Answer

Amiloride (represented by the amiloride almond cart that is pushing the LIftium balloon man out of the way)

Question 8

How do NSAIDs treat nephrogenic DI?

Accepted Answer

They decrease GFR, thereby slowing the effects of nephrogenic DI. (Think of the NSAID fire extinguisher behind the almond cart man.)

Question 9

Central DI can be caused by ______________.

Accepted Answer

trauma, neoplasm, or autoimmune disorders

Question 10

How is central DI treated?

Accepted Answer

DDAVP (represented by the waterboys on the DESert MObile cart, coming to the rescue)

Question 11

Desmopressin primarily affects the _______ receptor.

Accepted Answer

V2 (like the V2-engine of the DESert MObile cart with two cylinders)

Question 12

Because DDAVP targets V2 receptors, it can also be used to treat __________________.

Accepted Answer

Von Willebrand disease and factor VIII deficiency (like the cart driving over the Von Wille Brand pool table – leaving 2 tracks – and knocking out the 8 ball)

Question 13

Because DDAVP leads to increased aquaporins in the collecting duct, it can also be used to treat ___________.

Accepted Answer

enuresis (symbolized by the wet mattress being pulled by the DESert MObile cart)

Question 14

Exogenous ADH (vasopressin) can, relying on its vasoconstrictive properties, treat ____________.

Accepted Answer

esophageal varices, because it constricts the mesenteric arterioles (Think of the ADH waterboy on the V1 green holding a bag that looks like an esophagus with dilated blue clubs.)

Question 15

SIADH can be treated with _____________.

Accepted Answer

the -vaptan drugs: tolvaptan and conivaptan (think of the boy riding in on the bicycle spraying the ADH waterboy – who is inappropriately spraying golfers with water – with his VAPorizer watergun); it can also be treated with demeclocycline (like the bike he's riding in on)

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Sketchy Pharm: ADH, DDAVP, ADH Receptor Antagonists Flashcards

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