What type of receptor is the mu opioid receptor – and what is the effect of agonizing it?

It is a G-protein that leads to the closure of calcium channels and opening of potassium channels – particularly on neurons – which leads to the hyperpolarization of the membrane and lessened likelihood of action potential transmission. (Think of the open banana barrels and the closed Cali-Yum cooler.)

Which neurons are most susceptible to opioid stimulation?

Presynaptic neurons (the guy unplugging the presynaptic extension cord)

_________ is a weak mu-opioid agonist.

Tramadol (the tramadol train in the background – the background representing weakness)

Fentanyl and morphine stimulate ___________.

the mu-receptor (MORe fuN; make your pain a FaNTAsy)

Why is tramadol such a great drug for neuropathic pain?

Because it is not only a weak mu-opioid agonist, it also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin!

Which parts of the GI tract have mu-opioid receptors?

Stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

What physical property makes loperamide an interesting and useful opioid?

Loperamide (lop-eared rabbits) cannot pass through the BBB and so has no analgesic effects. It can, however, be used as a great anti-diarrheal.

What is another drug with similar properties to loperamide?

Diphenoxylate (the dolphin fountain)

What drug, like codeine, is an opioid that suppresses cough?

Dextromethorphan (the dextromethorphan orphan – mascot of the cough drops)

There is another mnemonic on the cough-drop bag with the dextromethorphan orphan. What is it?

The camel! It represents NMDA (because camels are nomadic) and it is tethered to a post – symbolizing how dextromethorphan antagonizes NMDA receptors.

What are the side effects of opioids?

CNS depression, causing respiratory depression Miosis (hoodie) Constipation

Most of the effects of opiates develop tolerance, but two do not. What are they?

Miosis and constipation (these are big, remember!); this is represented by the janitor showing that not all are tolerated

Sketchy Pharm: Opiates, Naloxone, Naltrexone Flashcards by Billy Tran

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Sketchy Pharm: Opiates, Naloxone, Naltrexone Flashcards

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