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part 107 > 6. Weather and Micrometeorology > Flashcards

6. Weather and Micrometeorology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the standard air temperature and pressure at sea level?

A) 15º C 29.92” Hg
B) 59º C 1013 millibars
C) 17º C 1013 millibars

A

A) 15º C 29.92” Hg

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2
Q

What effect does high density altitude have on the efficiency of a UA propeller?

A) Propeller efficiency is increased.
B) Propeller efficiency is decreased.
C) Density altitude does not affect propeller efficiency.

A

B) Propeller efficiency is decreased.

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3
Q

What is true altitude?

A) The height above the surface.
B) The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface.
C) The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.

A

C) The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.

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4
Q

Which combination of atmospheric conditions will reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance?

A) Low temperature, low relative humidity, and low density altitude.
B) High temperature, low relative humidity, and low density altitude.
C) High temperature, high relative humidity, and high density altitude.

A

C) High temperature, high relative humidity, and high density altitude.

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5
Q

If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the density altitude is

A) lower than pressure altitude.
B) higher than pressure altitude.
C) equal to pressure altitude.

A

B) higher than pressure altitude.

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6
Q

Density altitude is defined by

A) humidity and braking friction forces.
B) headwind and landing weight.
C) pressure altitude and ambient temperature.

A

C) pressure altitude and ambient temperature.

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7
Q

What effect, if any, does high humidity have on sUAS performance?

A) It increases performance.
B) It decreases performance.
C) It has no effect on performance.

A

B) It decreases performance.

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8
Q

Which factor would likely increase density altitude?

A) An increase in ambient temperature.
B) A decrease in relative humidity
C) An increase in barometric pressure.

A

A) An increase in ambient temperature.

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9
Q

When is pressure altitude equal to density altitude?

A) When the temperature and dew point are beginning to converge
B) When advection fog is present
C) On a standard day (15º C and 29.92” Hg)

A

C) On a standard day (15º C and 29.92” Hg)

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10
Q

How would high density altitude affect the performance of a small unmanned aircraft?

A) Increased performance
B) Decreased performance
C) No change in performance

A

B) Decreased performance

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11
Q

6.2
You’re operating a fixed-wing UA over barren ground on a hot day at low-altitude. You can expect to encounter

A) good visibility.
B) bumpy, turbulent air.
C) smooth, moist air.

A

B) bumpy, turbulent air.

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12
Q

The change in wind speed and direction over a short distance is known as

A) temperature inversion.
B) wind shear.
C) wind vortex.

A

B) wind shear.

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13
Q

There are many considerations when looking at wind. Which of the following is generally not a concern:

A) Wind shear
B) Tide pools
C) Local wind

A

B) Tide pools

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14
Q

Where does wind shear occur?

A) Only at higher altitudes
B) Only at lower altitudes
C) At all altitudes

A

C) At all altitudes

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15
Q

When may hazardous wind shear be expected?

A) When moist, unstable air crosses a mountain barrier
B) Following frontal passage when cumulus clouds form
C) In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence

A

C) In areas of low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, and clear air turbulence

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16
Q

While operating around buildings, the Remote PIC should be aware of the creation of wind gusts that:

A) Enhance stability and imagery
B) Change rapidly in direction and speed causing turbulence
C) Increase performance of the aircraft

A

B) Change rapidly in direction and speed causing turbulence

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17
Q

You have received an outlook briefing from flight service through 1800wxbrief.com. The briefing indicates you can expect a low-level temperature inversion with high relative humidity. What weather conditions would you expect?

A) Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.
B) Light wind shear, poor visibility, haze, and light rain.
C) Turbulent air, poor visibility, fog, low stratus type clouds, and showery precipitation.

A

A) Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low clouds.

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18
Q

6.3
Moisture is added to air by

A) sublimation and condensation.
B) evaporation and condensation.
C) evaporation and sublimation.

A

C) evaporation and sublimation.

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19
Q

Why is frost considered hazardous to sUAS operations?

A) Frost decreases lift capacity by changing the aerodynamic shape of the propellers.
B) Frost decreases lift capacity by spoiling the smooth flow of air over the propellers.
C) Frost increases control effectiveness by slowing the airflow.

A

B) Frost decreases lift capacity by spoiling the smooth flow of air over the propellers.

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20
Q

If the temperature is 64°F (and if the temperature/dewpoint spread is too small and decreasing), what type of weather is most likely to develop?

A) Fog or low clouds
B) Freezing precipitation
C) Thunderstorms

A

A) Fog or low clouds

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21
Q

What is “dewpoint”?

A) The temperature at which condensation and evaporation are equal.
B) The temperature at which dew will always form.
C) The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

A

C) The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

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22
Q

The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends on the

A) air temperature.
B) dewpoint.
C) stability of the air.

A

A) air temperature.

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23
Q

Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when

A) relative humidity reaches 100 percent.
B) water vapor condenses.
C) water vapor is present.

A

B) water vapor condenses.

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24
Q

Low-level turbulence can occur (and icing can become hazardous) in which type of fog?

A) Rain-induced fog
B) Steam fog
C) Upslope fog

A

B) Steam fog

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25
Q

Advection fog will most likely form when

A) an air mass moves inland from the coast.
B) a light breeze blows colder air out to sea.
C) there’s a warm, moist air mass on the windward side of mountains.

A

A) an air mass moves inland from the coast.

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26
Q

Radiation fog will most likely form when

A) there is warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.
B) moist, tropical air moves over cold, offshore water.
C) cold air moves over much warmer water.

A

A) there is warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear, calm nights.

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27
Q

Frost is most likely to form on a UAV’s wings or propellers:

A) when the temperature of the wing or propeller’s surface is below the dew point of the surrounding air
B) when the dewpoint is lower than 0° C.
C) when the temperature of the wing or propeller’s surface is below the dew point of the surrounding air AND the dew point is lower than 0° C.

A

C) when the temperature of the wing or propeller’s surface is below the dew point of the surrounding air AND the dew point is lower than 0° C.

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28
Q

The temperature and dew point are each forecasted to be 10°C. What weather should you expect?

A) Strong wind
B) Freezing rain
C) Fog or low clouds

A

C) Fog or low clouds

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29
Q

6.4
In a METAR report, what does “BR” indicate?

A) Broken clouds
B) Mist
C) Brown

A

B) Mist

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30
Q

In a METAR report, what does “BKN” indicate?

broken
overcast
mist
showers
rain

A

broken

31
Q

In a METAR report, what does “QVC” indicate?

broken
overcast
mist
showers
rain

A

overcast

32
Q

In a METAR report, what does “SH” indicate?

broken
overcast
mist
showers
rain

A

showers

33
Q

In a METAR report, what does “RA” indicate?

broken
overcast
mist
showers
rain

A

rain

34
Q

How many types of METAR reports are there and what are they?

A

METAR (routine) and SPECI (updates)

35
Q

Wind is given in five numbers unless its greater than 99 knots then its six. First three numbers indicate _____ and then the last tow numbers indicate the ______

A

the direction in nearest 10 degrees in relation to true north

Wind speed in knots

36
Q

The G in the wind section means?

A) rain
B) highest expected wind gust speed

A

B) highest expected wind gust speed

37
Q

Visibility in the METAR is express in_____

A) miles
B) nautical miles
C) statue miles

A

statute miles as denoted by the letters “SM.”

38
Q

Therea re three parts to the weather section in a METAR report, they are _______

A

intensity represented by light (-), m moderate (), or heavy (+).

weather phenomena like thunderstorms (TS)

third part of this weather section are the descriptors like BR (mist) or RA (rain) etc.

39
Q

Sky condition (cloud cover) in a METAR reads BKN010 OVC023, what does it mean

A

1,000ft AGL broken
2,300ft AGL overcast

40
Q

6.5
What does TAF stand for?

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast is weather report for a 5 mile radius around an airport

41
Q

How long is a TAF valid for?

A

24-30 hours and is updated four times a day

42
Q

Two types of TAF reports

A

TAF or AMD (amended)

43
Q

second date range in a TAF reports represents _______

A

valid period written like 0512/0618

05=date 12=time/06=date 18=time

44
Q

The only cloud type forecast in TAF reports is

A) Nimbostratus.
B) Cumulonimbus.
C) Scattered cumulus.

A

B) Cumulonimbus.

45
Q

6.6
SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions hazardous to which aircraft?

A) Small aircraft only
B) Large aircraft only
C) All aircraft

A

C) All aircraft

46
Q

AIRMETs are advisories of significant weather phenomena (but of lower intensities than SIGMETs) and are intended for dissemination to

A) only sUAS pilots.
B) all pilots.
C) only manned aircraft pilots.

A

B) all pilots.

47
Q

Some of the challenges of flying in freezing temperatures can be:

A) Lower battery capacity on transmitter, monitor, aircraft power, etc.
B) Poor sensitivity on the control sticks
C) Both A and B

A

C) Both A and B

48
Q

The thunderstorms that are generally the most hazardous to aircraft are

A) warm front thunderstorms.
B) steady-state thunderstorms.
C) squall line thunderstorms.

A

C) squall line thunderstorms.

49
Q

There’s thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of your flight area. Which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon should you watch out for?

A) Steady rain
B) Precipitation static
C) Wind-shear turbulence

A

C) Wind-shear turbulence

50
Q

A nonfrontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front is known as a

A) prefrontal system.
B) squall line.
C) dry line.

A

B) squall line.

51
Q

What conditions are necessary for a thunderstorm to form?

A) Lifting force, moist air, and extensive cloud cover
B) High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions
C) High humidity, high temperature, and cumulus clouds

A

B) High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions

52
Q

Which thunderstorm lifecycle stage is mostly characterized by downdrafts?

A) Cumulus
B) Dissipating
C) Mature

A

B) Dissipating

53
Q

A thunderstorm will reach its greatest intensity during the

A) cumulus stage.
B) downdraft stage.
C) mature stage.

A

C) mature stage.

54
Q

What feature is typically associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?

A) Continuous updraft
B) Frequent lightning
C) Roll cloud

A

A) Continuous updraft

55
Q

The mature stage of a thunderstorm begins with

A) formation of the anvil top.
B) the start of precipitation.
C) continuous downdrafts.

A

B) the start of precipitation.

56
Q

Generally for aircraft, the most hazardous kind of thunderstorm is a

A) squall line thunderstorm.
B) steady-stage thunderstorm.
C) warm front thunderstorm.

A

A) squall line thunderstorm.

57
Q

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with a thunderstorm?

A) Lightning
B) Heavy rain
C) Roll cloud

A

A) Lightning

58
Q

While you’re flying your sUAS, icing can form if there’s

A) small temperature/dewpoint spread.
B) stratiform clouds.
C) visible moisture.

A

C) visible moisture.

59
Q

In which environment is ice mostly likely to have the highest accumulation rate on your sUAS?

A) Cumulus clouds with below-freezing temperatures
B) Roll clouds with below-freezing temperatures
C) Freezing rain

A

C) Freezing rain

60
Q

6.7
For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth’s surface of the

A) lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration.
B) lowest layer of clouds reported as scattered, broken, or thin.
C) lowest reported obscuration and the highest layer of clouds reported as overcast.

A

A) lowest broken or overcast layer or vertical visibility into an obscuration.

61
Q

What should you expect if you see lenticular clouds over a mountain?

A) Light to moderate precipitation
B) The beginning of a thunderstorm
C) Strong turbulence

A

C) Strong turbulence

62
Q

What should you expect if you see nimbus clouds?

A) Precipitation
B) Strong turbulence
C) The beginning of a thunderstorm

A

A) Precipitation

63
Q

Ceiling conditions (cloud base) can be calculated from:

A) the temperature and the dew point
B) the temperature and the barometric pressure
C) the barometric pressure and the dew point

A

A) the temperature and the dew point

64
Q

The weather report lists the cloud ceiling at 800 feet. What’s the highest you can operate your sUAS?

A) 300 feet AGL
B) 400 feet AGL
C) 500 feet AGL

A

A) 300 feet AGL

65
Q

6.8
What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?

A) Turbulence and showery precipitation.
B) Poor visibility and smooth air.
C) Haze and smoke.

A

A) Turbulence and showery precipitation.

66
Q

What are the characteristics of stable air?

A) Good visibility and steady precipitation.
B) Poor visibility and steady precipitation.
C) Poor visibility and intermittent precipitation.

A

B) Poor visibility and steady precipitation.

67
Q

An air mass moving inland from the coast in winter is likely to result in

A) hail.
B) fog.
C) frost.

A

B) fog.

68
Q

A stable air mass is most likely to have which characteristic?

A) Showery precipitation
B) Turbulent air
C) Poor surface visibility

A

C) Poor surface visibility

69
Q

What is a characteristic of stable air?

A) Cumulus clouds
B) Stratiform clouds
C) Unlimited visibility

A

B) Stratiform clouds

70
Q
A
71
Q

_______ air tends to display the following characteristics:

Cumuliform clouds
Turbulent air
Good visibility
Showery precipitation

A

Unstable

72
Q

________ air tends to display the following characteristics:

Stratiform clouds
Smooth air
Fair-to-poor visibility in haze and smoke
Continuous precipitation

A

Stable

73
Q
A

part 107 (7 decks)

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