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AQA GCSE Physics > 6. Waves > Flashcards

6. Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of wave is a sound wave?

A

Longitudinal

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2
Q

Which type of vibrations move parallel to the direction of the wave?

A

Longitudinal

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3
Q

Which type of vibrations move perpendicular to the direction of the wave?

A

Transverse

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4
Q

Which waves can’t travel through a vacuum?

A

Mechanical

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5
Q

Which waves can travel through a vacuum?

A

Electromagnetic

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6
Q

Which waves pass their vibrations through particles?

A

Mechanical

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7
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz

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8
Q

If one wave passes per second, what is the frequency?

A

1 Hz

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9
Q

How do you work out frequency?

A

Frequency = 1 / Period

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10
Q

What is a period?

A

How long is takes for the wave to pass a point - messed in seconds

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11
Q

Equation for wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

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12
Q

Equation for frequency?

A

Frequency = speed / wavelength

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13
Q

Equation for wavelength?

A

Wavelength = speed / frequency

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14
Q

What is the symbol for wavelength?

A

Lambda

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15
Q

What does the angle of incidence equal?

A

The angle of reflection

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16
Q

When light enters a glass cube, which direction does it refract?

A

Towards the normal

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17
Q

What happens when light enters a denser glass block?

A

The speed of the wave decreases and it refracts towards the normal

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18
Q

When the incident ray leaves the glass block, which direction does it go in?

A

Away from the normal

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19
Q

What happens to the speed of the ray it leaves the glass block?

A

It speeds up and bends away from the normal

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20
Q

What is the speed of a wave through a vacuum?

A

300,000,000 or 3x10 to the power of 8

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21
Q

Do different electromagnetic waves carry different amount of energy?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What happens when a ray is absorbed instead of reflected?

A

It heats up

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23
Q

What happens as the energy of a wave increases?

A

The temperature and hazard increased

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24
Q

What happens as the wavelength decreases?

A 
The frequency increases
The energy carried increases 
The waves become more dangerous
The waves diffract less
The waves have a shorter range
The waves carry more information
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25
Q

What are the groups in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A 
Gamma
X-ray
Ultraviolet 
Visible
Infrared 
Microwaves
Radio waves
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26
Q

What type of electromagnetic wave has the highest frequency and energy, and the shortest wavelength?

A

Gamma

27
Q

What type of electromagnetic wave has the lowest frequency and energy, and the longest wavelength?

A

Radio waves

28
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A

To locate fire, detect humans and night vision

29
Q

What type of wave is a light wave?

A

Transverse

30
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Radio, TV, telecommunications

31
Q

What are gamma waves used for?

A

Kills bacteria, radiotherapy, cancer treatment

32
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Radar detection, satellite communications, cooking

33
Q

What are in X-rays used for?

A

Examine damaged machinery and medical scans

34
Q

What are visible waves used for?

A

Computers, TV, LED display, to see

35
Q

What are ultraviolet waves used for?

A

Detect counterfeit banknotes

36
Q

What are the hazards of infrared waves?

A

Overheating - burning

37
Q

What are the hazards of radio waves?

A

None

38
Q

What are the hazards of gamma waves?

A

Cancer mutations to tissue

39
Q

What are the hazards of microwaves?

A

Damage parts of brain

40
Q

What are the hazards of X-Ray’s?

A

Body cells can be killed by high doses

41
Q

What are the hazards of visible waves?

A

Intense beam damages eyes

42
Q

What are the hazards of ultraviolet waves?

A

Sun burn, skin cancer

43
Q

How are sounds made?

A

When an object vibrates and it causes the layer of air next to it to vibrate

44
Q

Where do sounds travel fastest? Why?

A

Solids because the particles are closer together

45
Q

Why is the no sound in a vacuum?

A

Because there are no particles to vibrate and pass on energy

46
Q

What do you need to remember when doing f=v/lambda

A

MAKE SURE THAT THE WAVELENGTH IS IN METRES, THE TIME IN SECONDS AND FREQUENCY IN HZ

47
Q

What is the range of normal human hearing?

A

20Hz to 20,000Hz

48
Q

When will sound waves refract?

A

When air changes temperature (change in medium) - waves will travel slower in cooler air

49
Q

Where does sound refract in the night?

A

Downwards, the air near the ground is cooler than the air higher up

50
Q

What frequency are ultrasound waves?

A

Higher than 20,000Hz

51
Q

What is ultrasound used for?

A

Medical

Industrial cleaning and no destructive testing of materials

52
Q

Why does the ultrasound need to be a pulse?

A

So you can hear the echo

53
Q

How is the time delay for an ultrasound and pulse worked out?

A

distance = speed x time

54
Q

Why is gel used in ultrasound?

A

Because then there is more ultrasound absorbed. When there is a big difference between densities lots of it would be reflected.

55
Q

What is the distance in ultrasound?

A

The way there and back

56
Q

What is the depth in ultrasound?

A

Just the way there

57
Q

Other uses of ultrasound?

A

The detection and removal of kidney stones

58
Q

What makes seismic waves?

A

A sudden release of energy in the earths crust

59
Q

What is used to detect movements of the earths crust?

A

A seismometer

60
Q

What are the two types of seismic wave?

A

Primary and secondary

61
Q

Properties of primary waves?

A
  • longitudinal
  • travels through solids and liquids
  • travels faster
62
Q

Properties of secondary waves?

A
  • transverse
  • only travel through solids
  • travels slower
63
Q

Where does the sun’s spectrum peak?

A

At visible wavelengths

AQA GCSE Physics (13 decks)

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