Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSMS308 > 6. Safe drug use > Flashcards

6. Safe drug use Flashcards

1
Q

duloxetine

A

SNRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metformin

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of insulin

A

Novorapid insulin

Abasaglar insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nebivolol

A

beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

isosorbide mononitrate

A

nitrate, vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Furosemide

A

antidiuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Simvastatin

A

statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beclomethasone

A

synthetic corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

co-codamol

A

opioid analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gabapentin

A

neuropathic analgesic

GABA inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mycophenolate mofetil

A

anti-inflammatory

reversible inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prenisolone

A

glucocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

codeine phosphate

A

analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Creon

A

Mix of lipase, protease and amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydroxocobalamin

A

Vitamin B12 analogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

carbamazepine

A

anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

phenytoin

A

anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

phenytoin

A

anticonvulsant

20
Q

CYP450 inducers

A

carbamezapine
phenytoin
rifampicin
chronic alcohol

SLOW EFFECT

21
Q

CYP450 inhibitors

A 
Amiodarone
ciprofloxacin
erythromycin/clarithromycin
metronidazole
fluconazole
isoniazid
Acute alcohol
Grapefruit juice
RAPID EFFECT
22
Q

isoniazid

A

Abx - TB

23
Q

fluconazole

A

antifungal

24
Q

Drug metabolism

A

Phase 1 - if prodrug activates it, if not, inactivates it or makes it toxic.

  • Oxidation by CYP450
  • Reduction
  • hydrolysis (esterases)

phase 2 - makes it soluble by conjugating it - glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation, methylation

Eliminated in urine or bile

25
Q

aminophylline

A

theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. Used to treat lung conditions

26
Q

What happens if you add a cytochrome p450 inhibitor to a drug metabolised by cyp450

A

if drug has a narrow therapeutic window e.g. warfarin, aminophylline, then there is POTENTIAL FOR AN ADVERSE DRUG INTERACTION

27
Q

What is an adverse drug reaction?

A

any undesirable experience that happened while taking a drug that is suspected to be caused by the drug/drugs

28
Q

ADR of aspirin/NSAID

A

GI discomfort or ulceration

29
Q

Citalopram ADR

A

(SSRI)

hyponatraemia

30
Q

Furosemide ADR

A

hypokalaemia

31
Q

alendornic acid ADR

A

oesophagitis/ulceration

32
Q

Aspirin ADR

A

Dyspepsia, haemoorhage

33
Q

Bisoprolol

A

bradycardia, hypotension

34
Q

bumetanide

A

(sulfamyl diuretic)

electrolyte disturbs

35
Q

clarithromycin

A

QT interval prolongation

36
Q

Co-amoxiclav

A

Allergic reaction

37
Q

Gentamicin

A

Tinnitus, nephrotoxicity

38
Q

Insulin

A

hypoglycaemia

39
Q

Morphine

A

vomiting, resp depression

40
Q

Salbutamol

A

Hypokalaemia, palpitations

41
Q

Warfarin

A

haemorrhage, alopecia

42
Q

Top ADR causes

A 
NSAIDS 29.6%
Diuretics - 27.3%
Warfarin - 10.5%
ACE 7.7%
Antidepressants 7.1%
Beta blockers 6.8%
Opiates 6.0%
Digoxin 2.9%
Prednisolone 2.5%
Clopidogrel 2.4%
Insulin
Antibiotics
43
Q

What is highest priority to heck before prescribing antibiotics:

Allergy status
Blood culture results
Medication hx
Recent antibiotic courses
Renal function
A

Allergy status!!

44
Q

Which of the following is safe to use in someone with penicillin allergy?

Amoxicillin
Co-amoxiclav
Doxycycline
Piperacillin & tazobactam
Ceftriaxone
A

Doxycycline (a tetracycline)

Amox, co-amox, piperacillin and tazobactam are all penicillins and cefrtiaxone is a cephalosporin (also a beta-lactam)

45
Q

Comorbidities

A

Hepatic, cardiac, renal function

is pt pregnant or breastfeeding?

46
Q

Hepatic function

A

how is drug handled? does it rely on hepatic metabolism?
morphine sulfate
methotrexate

47
Q

Renal excreted drugs

A

penicillins
aminoglycosides
glycopeptides
morphine sulfate

Creatinine clearance for aminoglycosides
check eGFR
check reference guidance

BSMS308 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions