6 river landscapes Flashcards
what is a course
it shows the path of the river in different stages
describe the three stages of a river course
“upper- narrow and forms v shaped valleys
middle- gently begins to slope
lower- wide “
what does a long profile show you
how the river changes over a gradient
what does the cross profile show you
the cross section of the river
what are the four type of erosion
attrition, abrasion, hydraulic power and solution
what are the four types of transportation
what are the four types of transportation
when does deposition take place in a river
in the lower and middle courses
where are waterfalls and gorges found in a river
in the upper course
explain the process of how waterfalls and gorges form
river flows over an area of hard rock and soft rock. soft rock gets eroded
faster than the hard rock. this collapses forming a water fall. the hard rock
then eventually get eroded which collapses onto the soft rock which get
destroyed forming a plunge pool.
what are meander formed by and where are they found in the river
middle and lower course of the river. erosion and deposition
what happens on the outside of a bend in a meander
river hits it with more energy and intensity because its deeper there. so it erodes
what happens on the inside bend of a meander
river hits it with less energy and less intensity because its shallower there so it deposits
describe the cross section of a meander
shallow at the inside bend and deep at the outside bend
what is a flood plain
a large land surface at risk of flooding
what happens to material during a flood
it gets deposited across the flood plain
how are levees formed
heavy material from the river constantly gets deposited in the immediate land by it,
causing material to build up there causing a levee
what is river discharge
the amount of water flowing through a river per second
how do you find lag time on a hydrograph
find the time between peak rainfall and peak discharge
three physical factors that effect flood risk
geology, rainfall and prolonged rainfall
A human factor that affects flood risk
building made on the flood plain without flood resistant materials
two hard engineering strategies that prevent floods, with pros and cons
dam- controls the flow of water and the speed and where it goes but it is expensive
and ugly and likely to move residents away
channel straightening- river moves through the area quicker but a flood could happen
further down the line”
two soft engineering strategies that prevent flood risk with pros and cons
flood warnings. tree plantation
how was the river severn eroded
hydraulic power abrasion and attrition
where in the river severn did the first landform take place
gorge in the upper course
