Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal Week 5 2016/17 > 6: Pathology - IBD > Flashcards

6: Pathology - IBD Flashcards

1
Q

Although Crohn’s disease affects anywhere from the mouth to the anus, where is it most commonly seen?

A

Terminal ileum

Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of inflammation is seen in Crohn’s disease?

A

Transmural inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who tends to be diagnosed with Crohn’s disease?

A

Younger people (10-40 years old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Crohn’s disease tends to ___ over time.

A

relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___ mucosa is typical of Crohn’s disease.

A

Cobblestone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Crohn’s disease is (continuous / segmental) with ___ lesions.

A

segmental , skip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are skip lesions?

A

Alternating areas of normal and inflamed tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Collection of macrophages surrounding a foreign particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What aspect of the gut tissue is invaded/destroyed/inflamed in Crohn’s disease?

A

Crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crohn’s granulomas are (caseating / non-caseating).

A

non-caseating

they DON’T look like cheese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs are used to treat Crohn’s disease?

A

Steroids

Immunosuppressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If a Crohn’s disease patient doesn’t respond to treatment, what complication can occur?

A

Bowel obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What rare structures may be seen in the gut wall of a Crohn’s disease patient?

A

Pseudopolyps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In Crohn’s disease, deep fissures form a ___ mucosa.

A

cobblestone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Crohn’s disease inflammation is transmural. What does this mean?

A

Affects mucosa, lamina propria and submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a complication of Crohn’s disease?

A

Malabsorption

Short bowel syndrome due to resection

GALLSTONES

Fistulas

Perianal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which gene is involved in the development of Crohn’s disease?

A

NOD2

18
Q

Smoking (exacerbates / alleviates) the symptoms of Crohn’s.

A

exacerbates

19
Q

Which immune cells are responsible for Crohn’s disease?

A

T lymphocytes

Macrophages

too many pro-inflammatory cytokines

20
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

A

Chronic inflammation of the rectum and colon only

21
Q

Does ulcerative colitis affect the whole thickness of the gut wall?

A

No - mucosa only

22
Q

Who tends to be diagnosed with ulcerative colitis?

A

Tends to be young, but not children

and the elderly as well

23
Q

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are more common in (males / females).

A

males

24
Q

Which part of the GI tract is nearly always involved in ulcerative colitis?

A

Rectum

25
Q

Which parts of the GI tract is ulcerative colitis constricted to?

A

Rectum

Colon

26
Q

What is the main symptom of UC?

A

Diarrhoea +/- blood and mucus

27
Q

Like Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis tends to come in ___.

A

waves

28
Q

Ulcerative colitis, untreated, causes colon swelling and perforation. What is this called?

A

Toxic megacolon

quite uncommon now due to effectiveness of drugs - look out for characteristic features on AXR

29
Q

Ulcerative colitis is a (continuous / segmental) disease.

A

continuous

30
Q

What is the only example of a skip lesion seen in UC?

A

Caecal patch

for some reason

31
Q

Under the microscope, the tissue of someone with UC will be infiltrated by ___ cells.

A

inflammatory

32
Q

What is it called when neutrophils infiltrate and destroy a gland?

A

Cryptitis

33
Q

When crypts are full and distended due to neutrophil accumulation, what is this called?

A

Crypt abscess

34
Q

If a patient with UC fails to respond to antibiotics, what procedure is performed?

A

Colectomy

35
Q

May lead to anaemia, shock

Ulcerative colitis causes a lot of ___.

A

bleeding

36
Q

Fat wrapping around the bowel wall is indicative of (Crohn’s disease / ulcerative colitis).

A

Crohn’s disease

37
Q

Are granulomas seen in UC?

A

No

38
Q

A complication of UC is toxic megacolon - massive swelling of the bowel. What can occur as a result of this?

How is it treated?

A

Perforation, peritonitis, sepsis, death

Total colectomy

39
Q

Ulcerative colitis is associated with the development of ___ ___.

Why?

A

colorectal cancer

Chronic inflammation progresses to dysplasia and then carcinoma

40
Q

Why type of cancer can develop following ulcerative colitis?

A

Colorectal carcinoma

41
Q

Which immune cells are vital to the development of UC?

A

T cells

Macrophages

42
Q

Is smoking associated with UC?

A

No - Crohn’s is though

Gastrointestinal Week 5 2016/17 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions