6: Paediatrics A Flashcards
what is breast engorgement
breast may feel tight, hard and painful
tends to happen earlier on in breastfeeding
managed with warm/cold compress after feeding and simple analgesics
what is a blocked breast duct
small tender lump in the breast
occurs due to incomplete drainage
frequent feeding, warm compress and gentle massage may help
what is mastitis
inflammation of the breast due to blocked duct
may have systemic flu like symptoms and pain
management: pain relief, feeding from the affected breast, pumping excess milk, rest, warm compress
if left untreated may develop into infection or abscess
what is tonged tied
frenulum is shorter than usual
can make feeding harder
affects 1/10 babies
how to appropriately start weaning
child starts to show interest in/reach for food
start with soft single fruit/veg along side breast milk
then introduce pastas/breads, then proteins
can start at 6 months when able to sit securely and are able to put things in their mouth
what is erythema toxicum
common newbourn rash
half of babies develop in the first few days
rash can be red and raised, affecting the face, arms or legs
not hot to touch
what is baby acne
generally occur 2-3 weeks after birth
due to hormones from the mother
only requires washing with water
will resolve
what is heat rash
occurs due to babys sweat glands becoming blocked leading to red itchy bumps
often affecting the neck, arms or nappy area
should resolve within a few days
how does eczema present in newbornes
most common on the face, trunks, elbow, or knees
can be triggered by enviroment or heat
can use an unscented lotion to soothe the rash
what is slate grey nevus
birthmark, flat with wavy borders and irregular shape
tends to be on the sacrum
often disappears by 3-5 years
how does scarlet fever present
fine light red maculopapular rash
develops into a partially confluent scarlet like rash in 1-2 days
begins on neck, can be most prominent in arm pits and groin
strawberry tonged
how does measles present
erythematous, partially confluent dark red rash
begins behind ears and spreads
associated with conjuctivitis and affecting the pallet
cold like symptoms
lasts 7-10 days
how does rubella present
non- confluent rash
begins behind the ears or face and spreads
can have low grade fever
takes 2-3 weeks for rash to present
rash can be bumpy
generally lasts around a week
what is erythema infectiosum
may not always have a rash, often asymptomatic
red papules on trunk and limbs which develops into a lace like rash
slapped cheek syndrome
spares the mouth and the nasal openings
what is roseola infantum
3 day fever
trunk is mainly affected by rash
before rash they have high fever with a sudden decrease
