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PEDO Midterm (Fall) > 6. Oral lesions and Anomalies II > Flashcards

6. Oral lesions and Anomalies II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the thyroid gland and where does it end up

A

Origin= back of tongue

Ends at the front of the neck

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2
Q

When in development does the thyroid gland migrate

A

1st trimester

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3
Q

What is the name of the path the thyroid gland migrates down

A

thyroglossal duct

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4
Q

What is the result of improper thyroig gland migration

A

lingual thyroid

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5
Q

Describe the clinical appearance of a lingual thyroid

A

Nodular mass
red/pin
smooth vascular appearance

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6
Q

Where is the location of the lingual thyroid

A

midline base of the tongue

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7
Q

What is the gender predilection for lingual thyroid

A

female

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8
Q

Lingual thyroid may lead to what issue

A
  • Dysphagia
  • Dyspnea
  • Dysphonia
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9
Q

Symptoms of lingual thyroid may develop when

A

pregnancy

puberty

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10
Q

In how many percent of cases of lingual thyroid is normal thyroid tissue absent

A

70%

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11
Q

Lingual thyroid is an important cause (etiology) of….

A

infantile hypothyroidism

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12
Q

What is the main part of the body that takes up iodine

A

thyroid gland

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13
Q

What is the treatment for lingual thyroid

A
  • Thyroid hormone therapy
  • Excision
  • Radioactive iodine ablation
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14
Q

Lingual thyroid mimic

A

hemangioma
lymphangioma
lymphoid hyperplasia

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15
Q

Location of a thyroglossal duct cyst

A

midline of neck

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16
Q

Cause of thyroglossal duct cyst is

A

Duct should disappear after the migration of the thyroid gland down to the neck is complete

17
Q

What is the treatment for a thyroglossal duct cyst

A

excision

18
Q

What are the two groups of vascular anomalies

A
  • Vascular tumors (hemangiomas)

- Vascular malformations

19
Q

(Vascular tumors/Vascular malformations) demonstrate proliferative activity

A

vascular tumors

20
Q

(Vascular tumors/Vascular malformations) grow commensurately with the child

A

vascular malformations

21
Q

How are vascular malformations classified

A

by their blood vessel type

22
Q

Different categories of vascular tumors are

A
  • Infantile hemangioma
  • Congenital hemangioma
  • Tuft angioma
  • Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
23
Q

What are the different vascular malformations

A

Slow flow

  • Capillary malformations
  • Venous malformations
  • Lympatic malformations

Fast flow
-Arteriovenous malformations

24
Q

A hemangioma present at birth is called a

A

congenital hemangioma

25
Q

Infantile hemangiomas develop when

A

usually appear 2-3 weeks after birth and grow rapidly over the next 6 months

26
Q

_% of infantile hamangiomas occur in the head and neck region

A

60

27
Q

Common sites for infantile hemangiomas in the head and neck region are

A

lips, tongue, buccal mucosa

28
Q

Gender predilection for infantile hemangioma

A

female

29
Q

Describe the growth pattern of infantile hemangioma

A
  • Rapid growth followed by period of involution

- There is a proliferation and an involution phase

30
Q

How long can it take for hemangiomas to completely involute

A

50% involute in 5 yrs
70% 7 yrs
90% in 9 years

31
Q

What is the difference between infantile and congenital hemangiomas

A

There is not proliferative phase with congenital hemangiomas- they are fully formed at birth

32
Q

Suferficial lesions in hemangiomas are _ in color while deep lesions are _ in color

A

red…blue

33
Q

Complications of infantile hemangiomas are

A
  • Ulceration
  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Scars
  • May interfere with function/airway obstruction
  • Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
34
Q

Whar is Kasabacj Merritt Syndrome

A

Rare vascular lesion characterized by

  • Enlarging hemangioma
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Large periocular lesions (ocular disease)
  • Multiple cutaneous facial hemangiomas may be associated with visceral lesiosn)
35
Q

Infantile hemangioma treatment

A
  • Surgery
  • Laser
  • Propranolol
  • Interferon

**Many case tx is not requires and will involute without complications

PEDO Midterm (Fall) (8 decks)

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