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CLASP: Alcohol 2017/18 > 6: Nutrition and alcohol > Flashcards

6: Nutrition and alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

Alcohol is an (essential / non-essential) nutrient.

A

non-essential

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2
Q

How is alcohol produced?

A

Fementation of yeast +/- distillation

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3
Q

What percentage of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach?

”” in the small intestine?

A

20%

80%

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4
Q

Is alcohol stored in the liver?

A

No, metabolised immediately to limit damage

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5
Q

When does BAC peak?

A

30-60 minutes following consumption

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6
Q

What nutritional factor influences BAC?

A

Food consumption

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7
Q

What is the only factor influencing elimination of alcohol from your system?

A

Time

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8
Q

Why does a woman’s BAC increase quicker than that of a man?

A

More subcutaneous fat

–> lower blood volume

–> less dilution of alcohol

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9
Q

Food ___ absorption of alcohol and (speeds up / slows down) elimination of alcohol.

A

reduces absorption

speeds up elimination

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10
Q

What is food’s effect on gastric emptying?

How else may it contribute to reduced absorption of alcohol?

A

Slows down gastric emptying

May bind/trap ethanol

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11
Q

Food increases the rate of ___ blood flow.

What effect does this have?

A

portal

Increases ethanol metabolism in the liver

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12
Q

As food increases the time alcohol has to be absorbed in the stomach, the liver has more time to ___ it.

A

metabolise

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13
Q

How many kcal does 1g of alcohol contain?

A

7 kcal

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14
Q

How many units does a pint of beer tend to contain on average?

A

Around 2 units

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15
Q

How many units are contained in

a) 1 large glass of wine
b) 1 pint of beer
c) 1 bottle of cider
d) 1 small glass of wine?

A

a) 3 units

b) 2 units

c) 2 units

d) 2 units

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16
Q

What types of drinking tend to be associated with weight gain?

A

Heavy / binge drinking

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17
Q

Patients are advised to have ___ non-alcoholic drink between each alcoholic drink.

A

one

18
Q

Should you drink on a full stomach?

A

Yeah

19
Q

Alcoholism increases your risk of nutrient ___.

A

deficiencies

20
Q

Which nutrient does ethanol metabolism rely on?

A

Thiamine

21
Q

When the liver is damaged, its capacity to store ___ is reduced.

A

vitamins

22
Q

Which hormone, released in the stomach, stimulates appetite?

A

Ghrelin

23
Q

Alcohol excess ___ your appetite.

A

alters

24
Q

In which foods is thiamine found?

A

Cereals, beans, nuts, yeast, meat

25
Q

What are the functions of thiamine?

A

ATP production (Kreb’s cycle, so deficiency causes anaerobic respiration > lactic acidosis > brain damage)

Maintenance of peripheral nerves (so deficiency causes peripheral neuropathy > dry beriberi)

26
Q

What are the three thiamine deficiency diseases?

A

Dry beriberi

Wet beriberi

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

27
Q

Which system does dry beriberi affect?

A

Nervous system

28
Q

Which system does wet beriberi affect?

A

CV system

29
Q

Which neurological disease is caused by thiamine deficiency?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

30
Q

What kind of support is recommended for malnourished patients?

A

Enteral nutrition

Parenteral nutrition

31
Q

What is the recommended weekly alcohol intake limit for men and women?

A

14 units

32
Q

Heavy drinking increases your risk of ___ disease.

A

cardiovascular

33
Q

Which cancers are strongly associated with alcohol?

A

breast

bowel

liver

mouth/throat

oesophageal

stomach

34
Q

Why does drinking and smoking at the same time greatly increase your chances of developing cancer?

A

Alcohol acts as a solvent for carcinogens to travel around the body

35
Q

Drinking is associated with what endocrine disease?

A

Diabetes

36
Q

Should pregnant women consume any alcohol?

A

No, no safe level

37
Q

Pregnant women drinking alcohol can lead to which spectrum of disorders in their children?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

38
Q

What are some presentations of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Abnormal appearance; low body weight; small head size

Reduced intelligence

Developmental delay; poor behaviour; sight and hearing problems

39
Q

If alcohol is consumed very early in the pregnancy (i.e before the pregnancy is known), how at risk is the baby?

A

Not at huge risk

40
Q

The amount of alcohol in a women’s blood stream is (more than / equal to) the amount in her breast milk.

A

equal to

41
Q

Ideally, alcohol should be ___ while breastfeeding.

A

avoided

CLASP: Alcohol 2017/18 (8 decks)

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