6: Nutrition and alcohol

Question 1

Alcohol is an (essential / non-essential) nutrient.

Answer 1

non-essential

Question 2

How is alcohol produced?

Answer 2

Fementation of yeast +/- distillation

Question 3

What percentage of alcohol is absorbed in the stomach?

”” in the small intestine?

Answer 3

20%

80%

Question 4

Is alcohol stored in the liver?

Answer 4

No, metabolised immediately to limit damage

Question 5

When does BAC peak?

Answer 5

30-60 minutes following consumption

Question 6

What nutritional factor influences BAC?

Answer 6

Food consumption

Question 7

What is the only factor influencing elimination of alcohol from your system?

Answer 7

Time

Question 8

Why does a woman’s BAC increase quicker than that of a man?

Answer 8

More subcutaneous fat

–> lower blood volume

–> less dilution of alcohol

Question 9

Food ___ absorption of alcohol and (speeds up / slows down) elimination of alcohol.

Answer 9

reduces absorption

speeds up elimination

Question 10

What is food’s effect on gastric emptying?

How else may it contribute to reduced absorption of alcohol?

Answer 10

Slows down gastric emptying

May bind/trap ethanol

Question 11

Food increases the rate of ___ blood flow.

What effect does this have?

Answer 11

portal

Increases ethanol metabolism in the liver

Question 12

As food increases the time alcohol has to be absorbed in the stomach, the liver has more time to ___ it.

Answer 12

metabolise

Question 13

How many kcal does 1g of alcohol contain?

Answer 13

7 kcal

Question 14

How many units does a pint of beer tend to contain on average?

Answer 14

Around 2 units

Question 15

How many units are contained in

a) 1 large glass of wine
b) 1 pint of beer
c) 1 bottle of cider
d) 1 small glass of wine?

Answer 15

a) 3 units

b) 2 units

c) 2 units

d) 2 units

Question 16

What types of drinking tend to be associated with weight gain?

Answer 16

Heavy / binge drinking

Question 17

Patients are advised to have ___ non-alcoholic drink between each alcoholic drink.

Answer 17

one

Question 18

Should you drink on a full stomach?

Answer 18

Yeah

Question 19

Alcoholism increases your risk of nutrient ___.

Answer 19

deficiencies

Question 20

Which nutrient does ethanol metabolism rely on?

Answer 20

Thiamine

Question 21

When the liver is damaged, its capacity to store ___ is reduced.

Answer 21

vitamins

Question 22

Which hormone, released in the stomach, stimulates appetite?

Answer 22

Ghrelin

Question 23

Alcohol excess ___ your appetite.

Answer 23

alters

Question 24

In which foods is thiamine found?

Answer 24

Cereals, beans, nuts, yeast, meat

Question 25

What are the functions of thiamine?

Answer 25

**ATP production** (Kreb's cycle, so deficiency causes anaerobic respiration \> lactic acidosis \> brain damage) **Maintenance of peripheral nerves** (so deficiency causes peripheral neuropathy \> dry beriberi)

Question 26

What are the **three thiamine deficiency diseases?**

Answer 26

**Dry beriberi** **Wet beriberi** **Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome**

Question 27

Which system does **dry beriberi** affect?

Answer 27

**Nervous system**

Question 28

Which system does **wet beriberi** affect?

Answer 28

**CV system**

Question 29

Which neurological disease is caused by thiamine deficiency?

Answer 29

**Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome**

Question 30

What kind of support is recommended for malnourished patients?

Answer 30

**Enteral nutrition** **Parenteral nutrition**

Question 31

What is the recommended weekly alcohol intake limit for men and women?

Answer 31

**14 units**

Question 32

Heavy drinking increases your risk of ___ disease.

Answer 32

**cardiovascular**

Question 33

Which cancers are strongly associated with alcohol?

Answer 33

breast bowel liver mouth/throat oesophageal stomach

Question 34

Why does drinking and smoking at the same time greatly increase your chances of developing cancer?

Answer 34

**Alcohol acts as a solvent for carcinogens to travel around the body**

Question 35

Drinking is associated with what endocrine disease?

Answer 35

**Diabetes**

Question 36

Should pregnant women consume any alcohol?

Answer 36

**No, no safe level**

Question 37

Pregnant women drinking alcohol can lead to which spectrum of disorders in their children?

Answer 37

**Foetal alcohol syndrome**

Question 38

What are some presentations of **foetal alcohol syndrome**?

Answer 38

**Abnormal appearance; low body weight; small head size** **Reduced intelligence** **Developmental delay; poor behaviour; sight and hearing problems**

Question 39

If alcohol is consumed very early in the pregnancy (i.e before the pregnancy is known), how at risk is the baby?

Answer 39

**Not at huge risk**

Question 40

The amount of alcohol in a women's blood stream is **(more than / equal to)** the amount in her breast milk.

Answer 40

**equal to**

Question 41

Ideally, alcohol should be ___ while breastfeeding.

Answer 41

**avoided**