6 mins

Question 1

controversial

Answer 1

Cause a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed.
بحث بر انگیز
Example:
-a highly controversial (=very controversial) plan to flood the valley in order to build a dam

Question 2

Rival

Answer 2

A person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc
رقیب
-He finished 39 seconds ahead of his main rival.

Question 3

Fair

Answer 3

Adj.(≠unfair)

(REASONABLE AND ACCEPTABLE)a fair situation, system, way of treating people, or judgment seems reasonable, acceptable, and right

منصفانه

• All we are asking for is a fair wage.
• It seems fair to give them a second chance.

Question 4

opponent

Answer 4

someone who you try to defeat in a competition, game, fight, or argument

• حریف
• During the primary elections, McCain was Bush’s leading opponent.

Question 5

High-profile

Answer 5

attracting a lot of public attention, usually deliberately

-He also advised them again to get a high-profile chairman and a well-known editor.

Question 6

Eligible

Answer 6

someone who is eligible for something is able or allowed to do it, for example because they are the right age
واجد شرایط
-Students on a part-time course are not eligible for a loan.

Question 7

Jurisdiction

Answer 7

(uncountable)
the right to use an official power to make legal decisions, or the area where this right exists
صلاحیت قضایی
-The committee has jurisdiction over all tax measures

Question 8

The keys to the castle

Answer 8

(idiom)

to possess information or knowledge which gives the possessor access to power.

Question 9

Maiden name

Answer 9

≠married name
a woman’s family name before she got married and started using her husband’s family name
-And I see no point in reverting to my maiden name since that belonged to my father

Question 10

Fraud

Answer 10

the crime of deceiving people in order to gain something such as money or goods
-He’s been charged with tax fraud.

Question 11

Deceptive

Answer 11

Adv.
(Adj.)
something that is deceptive seems to be one thing but is in fact very different
-فریبنده، گمراه کننده
-Some snakes move with deceptive speed (=move faster than you think or expect)
-Gwen’s students may look angelic, but appearances can be deceptive.

Question 12

Trick into

Answer 12

to deceive someone in order to get something from them or to make them do something

• نیرنگ زدن
• He claimed he was tricked into carrying drugs.

Question 13

Defraud

Answer 13

to trick a person or organization in order to get money from them

• گول زدن
• She defrauded her employers of thousands of pounds

Question 14

Retention

Answer 14

(Formal)
the act of keeping something
-حفظ

-The UN will vote on the retention of sanctions against Iraq.

Question 15

Scheme

Answer 15

(BRE)
-طرح
an official plan that is intended to help people in some way, for example by providing education or training.

Question 16

fraudulently

Answer 16

(Adj.)
-جعلی
intended to deceive people in an illegal way, in order to gain money, power etc.

-He was accused of fraudulently using a stolen credit card.

Question 17

Ethical

Answer 17

(Adj.)
اخلاقی
relating to principles of what is right and wrong

• The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult ethical questions
• The president must have the highest ethical standards.

Question 18

Fraudster

Answer 18

someone who has committed a fraud

• کلاهبردار
• yesterday the school defended its decision to allow a convicted fraudster to lecture students.

Question 19

Mindset

Answer 19

someone’s general attitude, and the way in which they think about things and make decisions

• طرز فکر
• The company seems to have a very old-fashioned mindset.

Question 20

unwittingly

Answer 20

-ناخواسته
in a way that shows you do not know or realize something.
-Friedmann had unwittingly broken the law.

Question 21

Data breach

Answer 21

occasion when private information can be seen by people who should not be able to see it
نشت داده

Question 22

infiltrate

Answer 22

-نفوذ

secretly enter a group or organisation in order to spy on it or influence it

Question 23

devious

Answer 23

using dishonest tricks and deceiving people in order to get what you want
-غیرمستقیم(غیر سر راست)

Question 24

surreptitious

Answer 24

done secretly or quickly because you do not want other people to notic
-پنهانی

Question 25

Feature

Answer 25

(V.)
to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part
-نمایان کردن، به طور برجسته نشان دادن

• The exhibition features paintings by Picasso
• a cruise ship featuring extensive spa facilities

Question 26

Harassment

Answer 26

when someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you
اذیت، آزار
-African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years.
-We need effective strategies to combat sexual harassment in the workplace.

Question 27

Hostility towards/between

Answer 27

when someone is unfriendly and full of anger towards another person

• خصومت
• hostility towards foreigners
• hostility toward religious minorities

Question 28

Perfectionist

Answer 28

someone who is not satisfied with anything unless it is completely perfect

• کمالگرا
• Many top athletes are perfectionists who drive themselves to excel.

Question 29

Stubborn

Answer 29

determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable

• یک دنده
• Why are you so stubborn?

Question 30

Woe betide somebody

Answer 30

used to say that someone will be in trouble if they do something – often humorous

• وای به حال، بیچاره(کسی)
• Woe betide anyone who wakes the baby!

Question 31

archaeology

Answer 31

-باستان شناسی

the study of ancient societies by examining what remains of their buildings, graves, tools etc

Question 32

horoscope

Answer 32

a description of your character and the things that will happen to you, based on the position of the stars and planets at the time of your birth
-طالع

Question 33

Immune system

Answer 33

سیستم ایمنی

Question 34

pathogens

Answer 34

something that causes disease in your bo

-عامل بیماری زا(ویروس، باکتری،…)

Question 35

blood transfusions

Answer 35

the process of putting blood into someone’s body as a medical treatment
-تزریق خون

Question 36

settle for something

Answer 36

(Phrasal verb)
to accept something even though it is not the best, or not what you really want
-به چیزی بسنده کردن
-They want $2,500 for it, but they might settle for $2,000.

Settle for is never passive.

Question 37

shoot to fame

Answer 37

become famous very suddenly

-She shot to fame as a result of her victory in the Olympics

Question 38

Iconic

Icon

Answer 38

(Adj.)
(Noun):
someone famous who is admired by many people and is thought to represent an important idea
-نمادین
-a sixties cultural icon
-we’ll be hearing from the iconic environmentalist Jane Goodall

Question 39

Attitude

Answer 39

the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour

• نگرش
• As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their whole attitude changed
• The people have a very positive attitude to life.

Question 40

Ape

Answer 40

an animal that is similar to a monkey but has no tail or only a very short tail

Question 41

primates

Answer 41

a member of the group of animals that includes humans and monkeys
-راسته پستانداران نخستین پایه