6 mark Q (section A) Flashcards
1
Q
Nature
A
- nature refers to the idea that social behaviour is biological or innate. some believe that certain innate traits are biologically determined due to our genes and biological make up.
- e.g. sleeping the case study of ferel children who lack nurture still naturally rquire sleep.
- e.g. blinking- need this in order to keep eyes moist and protect them.
2
Q
nurture
A
- refers to the idea that social behaviour is socially constructed. social influences incourage behaviour to imitated as almost a social normality- it is expected
- e.g. the way someone builds relationships. learn from what they’re exposed to.
3
Q
primary socialisation
A
- process in which we learn norms, values and behaviour appropriate for our society. it is the way this behaviour is learnt through the agent, family.
- e.g. walking or speaking is learnt through imitation
- e.g. learning to use cutlery politely
4
Q
secondary socialisation
A
- process which we learn norms and values through agents other than the family e.g. media religion or workplace
- e.g. norms and values taught in education such as punctuality & hidden curriculum discussed by bourdieu
- another e.g. is smoking and drinking taught by peer pressure
5
Q
formal social control
A
- used to reinforce societies norms and values to individuals via the agents of socialisation. reinforcing mechanisms that are associated with more formal agents such as police and government.
- e.g. sanctions
6
Q
informal social control
A
- used to reinforce societys norms and values to individuals via the agents of socialisation. reinforcing mechanisms that are associated with more informal agents such as media or peer groups
- e.g. peer group usually associated with youth culture.
7
Q
norms
A
- unwritten rules with guide our behaviour in society. based on values. norms are socially constructed, taught through agents of socialisation.
- e.g eating with a knife & fork- uk norm but not other cultures
- e.g could relate to your gender like girls wearing a skirt
- OAKLEY says that family socialises us into gender norms
8
Q
values
A
- reasons behind human behaviour, underpina community or society . these beliefs are what you should and shouldnt do
- e.g value of britain is fairness and honesty. expected to follow since they believe it makes the community a better place
9
Q
status
A
- a role that a person fulfils has a status attached to it. it is the way a person is represented
- can be ascribed or acheived
10
Q
roles
A
- part you play in society. people may have more than one at the same time. each role has a norm and value attached to it
- e.g. a teacher is expected to be professional, safeguard students, lesson plan ect..
- roles can differ by gender
- PARSONS suggests how family socialises us into hegemonic gender roles
11
Q
culture
A
- refers to the language, beliefs, norms, values, customs and roles that combine to make up the way of life of society.
- this culture is transmitted through socialisation from one gen to the next
- e.g. PUNK subculture has different norms and values
12
Q
subculture
A
- small group within a larger subculture
- groups of young people do not follow same norms and values as eachother often from subcultures
- McRobbie & bedroom culture
13
Q
high culture
A
- culture of the elete or upperclass is performed by members of the upperclass who believe that only people of appropriate education can appreciate this cultures art and aesthetic quality.
- e.g. grammy award shows and opera. is the social norm to be wealthy and posh
14
Q
popular culture
A
- culture of normal people; enjoyed by all regardless of intellegence
- media plays important role in creating popular culture in UK
- e.g. concerts and plays streamed in cinema- gives normal to enjoy parts of high culture
15
Q
global culture
A
- emerged as a result of globalisation
- world has become a smaller place, a ‘global villaige’ where homogeneity is a key feat.
- e.g. mcdonalds (influence of USA)
16
Q
consumer culture
A
- what we buy/consume in society
- people often portray a sense of identity through what we buy/wear
- e.g. SAUNDERS- media targets middle age group. because groupe w highest disposable income and often define idenity with what they wear.
- conspicious consumption
17
Q
cultural diversity
A
- culture that includes a diverse range of groups from different cultural backgrounds living seperately in society
- e.g. china town in soho
18
Q
cultural hybridity//multicultural
A
- cultures mixing together- living equally in society
- e.g. takeaways are a representation of a different culture being interpreted into others.
19
Q
sexuality
A
- an individual preference in sexual partners
- there are different types: hetrosexuality, homo, bi
- e.g. hetrosexuality MAC AN GHAIL overephasising hetrosexual identities (the 3 f’s)
- homozexuality PLUMMER peer group supports homosexuality by making it the norm
20
Q
masculine identities
A
- a type of gender not only associated with sex that is biologiacally determined but the sense of belonging ad roles associated with being a man. SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED. expected behaviour taught to boys via socialisation
- e.g. of masc identity is hegemonic OAKLEY- socialised into hegamonic gender roles via manipulation, erbal appellations and domestic activities.
- e.g. new man MORT
21
Q
feminine identies
A
- type of gender not only associated with sex that is biologiacally determined but the sense of belonging ad roles associated with being a woman
- SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED. expected behaviour taught to girls via socialisation
- e.g. billington- media creates gender identity by presenting steretpical girls in the media
- e.g. OAKLEY socialised into hegamonic roles.
22
Q
ethnic groups
A
- refers to the groups who are from the same cultural and ethnic background. they share things such as religion, language, customs, beliefs and norms, dress and music.
- e.g. Asian- GHUMAN sound that groups shared values such as obedience and respect for elders
- e.g. black afro-carrabean- SEWELL group followed rap role modals in the media and held values of conspicious consumption and refection of education.
23
Q
nationality
A
- sense of a nation as a cohesive whole; represented by distinctive traditions, culture and language.
- a nation is socially constructed through symbols such as flags and national flags or holidays.
- e.g. ‘british’ difference between wales, england and ireland and scottland.
24
Q
ethnic identity
A
- identities based around peoples ethnic and cultural background. eg. religion, language, customs, beliefs, food, dress and music
- e.g. Asian- GHUMAN sound that groups shared values such as obedience and respect for elders
- e.g. black afro-carrabean- SEWELL group followed rap role modals in the media and held values of conspicious consumption and refection of education.
25
Q
hybrid identities
A
- mixing of 2 or more cultures together to create new cultures and identities.
- has occured in the uk due to immigration of some ethnic groups
- e.g. development of new ‘urban cultures’ in inne city areas which have emerged due to diff ethic groups socialising together.
- BACK AND GILL
- e.g. code switching between peers and family
26
Q
multi culturalism
A
- uk society is now made up of a variety of different ethnic groups and cultures mixed together
- BARKER argues that multicultural society adknowledges and welcomes presence of a range of different groups
- e.g. education; children must learn a range of different faiths and celebrate different cultural festivals
- emergence of hybrid identities e.g. food isle in shops.
27
Q
age identities
A
- age can be defined as chonologicall. as people get older, roles and social status changes
- life stages (youth, middle, old)
- e.g. youth. associated 12-25 a transitional stage of life. go through a rite of passage for example, birthday or marraige
- e.g. middle age; career and family
28
Q
youth
A
- 12-25
- transitional stage of life. socially constructed identity as has changed over time
- e.g. SEWELL young black boys socialised into exggerating hypermasculine identities to fit in
- E.g. MCROBBIE bedroom culture and culture of femininity
