6: Intro to Rxns Flashcards
reaction types and processes
Addition Rxn
When two atoms are bonded un-bond and attached to a larger molecule or another molecule then create a single molecule.
Elimination rxn
when one molecule, some atoms break off and form two separate molecules.
Changes in atomic connectivity or stereoisomer and constitutional isomer interconversion
CH2CH3 + H -> CH3 + CH3
Rearrangement Rxn
When two molecules switch atoms between the two molecule
CH4 + Cl2 -> CH3Cl + HCl
Substitution rxn
Energy released to the surroundings, exothermic.
Exergonic
Energy absorbed from surroundings, endothermic.
Endergonic
Highest transition state controls the…
slowest reaction step.
Electron Pairs that move individually. (One bonding electron stays with each product.)
Radical
electrons that move as pairs. (Two bonding electrons that stay with only one product.)
Polar
Nucleophile
Donates e- pair, e- rich, to form a chemical bond in the reaction. Often seen e- poor reactants.
Electrophiles
Accepts e- pairs, e- poor, to form chemical bonds
Where will nucleophiles and electrophiles attack?
sites that are partial positive and partial negative charged.
What controls the reaction?
Polarity and polarizability also effects the reaction.
Arrow goes from nucleophile reaction site to…
electrophilic reaction site.
Unpaired e- can react with neutral molecules and break sigma bonds
Radical reactions
1st step of Radical Rxn
Initiation! light needed for rxn, radicals generated from dihalogens. 1 rad + 1 non-rad => 1 non-rad + 1 rad
2nd step of Radical Rxn
Propagation! Rxn continues if a radical reacts with a neutral molecule to generate another radical.
3rd step of Radical Rxn
If products have no radicals, Termination! Where lose radicals bond with each other and become neutral.
