6. Intergovernmental Coordinator-Interstate Flashcards
Governmental fragmentation occurs among multiple units of government because of…
Overlapping jurisdictions,
Different and/or conflicting goals,
Different needs and levels of resources
The number of school districts has…
decreased
The number of special districts has
increased
True or false: There are more units of government today than there were in 1952.
False–there are 90k today as opposed to 116k in 1952
The reduction in the number of school districts since 1952 is a result of
Consolidation resulting from 1952 Brown v. Board decision that outlaws segregated schools.
The number of special districts grew from 12,340 in 1952 to this many today
38,000
The number of municipalities has increased this number every five years
1,500 to 2,000
In Tarrant and Dallas counties, there are about 150 units of local government with this many elected officials
1,000
There are 250 units of local government in the counties surrounding Dallas and Tarrant counties. There are this many elected officials
1,500
Examples of “inelastic” cities
Cleveland, St Louis, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, Pittsburg
These cities cannot grow beyond their boundaries because they’re surrounded by other jurisdictions
Examples of “elastic cities”
Phoenix, Oklahoma City, San Antonio, Houston can still grow
Rusk argues that elastic cities tend to be
less racially segregated, have less poverty, and experience more job creation than inelastic areas.
The Cleveland MSA includes ____ counties and ____cities
8 counties
256 cities
The book, Cities without Suburbs, was written by
David Rusk
Public Choice Theory
There are multiple units of government, choices of lifestyle
Competition among multiple units of government should drive down the cost
True or false: The framers of the Constitution were very much aware of the issues that might arise for the states as they became part of a union.
True
Article IV, Section 1
“Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.”
Lawsuits, contracts, marriages, birth certificates, divorces, concluded in one state will be valid in all others.
Williams v North Carolina, 1942
Couple sued because North Carolina refused to recognize the couple’s divorces from other spouses and subsequent marriage to each other. Supreme Court sided with the couple.
Full Faith and Credit situations today
Child custody determinations, spousal abuse situations
Obergefell v. Hodges
Supreme Court ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by the due process clause and the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
Article IV, Section 2
States cannot deny citizens services or state rights solely on the basis of non-residency
Exceptions to Article IV, Section 2
The right to engage in certain professions, such as law, medicine, teacher certification, real estate
States are permitted to develop their own licensing requirements, including examinations
Article IV, Section 2 allows people to
move freely throughout the several states, to make sure that new comers would not be taxed at rates higher than existing residents, and to prevent states to discriminate against citizens of other states
True or false: Non-residents may pay higher fees for state services
True. The Court has ruled the differences must be reasonable.
The Court, in Toomer v. Witsell (1948), ruled
it was not reasonable to charge a non-resident $2500 to fish when the resident fee was $25
Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2
To return fugitives from one state at the request of the state’s governor
Article I, Section 10, Clause 3
Interstate Compacts:
“No State shall, without the Consent of Congress…enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power…”
This contract is the most legally binding agreement that states can enter with each other
Interstate Compact
Examples of Interstate Compacts
New York Port Authority, 1921
Colorado River Compact, 1921
The interstate Compact for Supervision of Parolees and Probationers, 1930–first in national scope
Modern Interstate Compacts deal with:
welfare, conservation, environment, corrections, crime control, education, health, nuclear energy, translocation
Texas is a member of ____ interstate compacts
- These include Rio Grande Compact, Sabine River Compact, and Red River Compact
National Popular Vote Interstate Compact
Would make the electoral college moot if approved by enough states.
Uniform State Laws
To develop and promote uniformity in state laws on subjects where such uniformity was deemed desirable.
To date over 200 such laws have been proposed, more than 100 of which have been adopted.
Uniform Premarital Agreement Act
Proposed in 1983 and adopted by DC and 28 states, including Texas
Provides a common definition of a premarital agreement and conditions under which it is not enforceable.
