6 - Hydrocarbons Flashcards
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Straight-chain and branched hydrocarbons with no rings of carbon atoms.
Alicyclic Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons with at least one ring of carbon atoms.
Arenes
Hydrocarbons with a ring or rings of carbon atoms in which there are delocalised electrons.
Substitution Reaction
A reaction in which an atom, or group of atoms, is replaced by another atom, or group of atoms.
Initiation
The step which produces free radicals.
Propagation
Steps which form products and more free radicals.
Termination
Steps which remove free radicals by turning them into molecules.
Unsaturated compounds
Compounds containing one or more double or triple bonds between atoms in their molecules.
Cis and trans isomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula, the same structural formula, but different displayed formulae.
Addition reaction
A reaction in which two molecules add together to form a single product.
Intermediates
Atoms, molecules, ions or free radicals which do not appear in the overall equation for a reaction, but which are formed during one step of a reaction and then used up in the next.
Inductive effect
Describes the way in which electrons are either pushed towards or pulled away from a carbon atom by the atoms or groups to which it is bonded.
Addition Polymerisation
An addition reaction in which small molecules, called monomers, join together forming a giant molecule, called a polymer.
Geometric Isomers
Isomers that differ only in the spatial arrangement of atoms on the planar part of the molecule or above and below a ring.
