6. Gross Caries

Question 1

Types of caries (3)

Answer 1

D1 - clinically detectable enamel lesions with intact surfaces (enamel caries only)
D2 - clinically detectable cavities limited to enamel (enamel caries with cavitation)
D3 - clinically detectable lesions in dentine (caries into dentine)

Question 2

Types of carious dentine (2)

Answer 2

Affected dentine

Infected dentine

Question 3

Definition of affected dentine

Answer 3

Softened, demineralised dentine that has not (yet) been invaded by bacteria
(Often inner carious dentine that does not require removal)

Question 4

Definition of infected dentine

Answer 4

Softened, demineralised dentine that has been contaminated with bacteria
(Often outer carious dentine that requires removal)

Question 5

Ethos behind dealing with caries (3)

Answer 5

Preserve healthy and remineralisable tissue
Maintain plural health
Maximise restoration success

Question 6

Aim of caries removal

Answer 6

To achieve a restorative seal

Question 7

Reasons for carious tissue removal (2)

Answer 7

Create conditions for long-lasting restorations

To stop/reduce the progress of caries

Question 8

Caries treatment (3)

Answer 8

Assess reason for caries
Address oral environment
Restore if necessary

Question 9

Types of caries removal (5)

Answer 9

Self-cleansing (prevention)
Partial caries removal
Stepwise technique
Direct pulp cap
Pulpotomy

Question 10

Features of self-cleansing caries removal (3)

Answer 10

Optimal choice
Involves topical F application and excellent OH to prevent caries from progressing
Caries does not have to be removed

Question 11

Features of partial caries removal (5)

Answer 11

Access cavity
Remove caries at periphery and ADJ
Remove infected dentine (where possible)
Maximise cavity for longevity
Permanent restoration (restore tooth)

Question 12

Features of stepwise technique (7)

Answer 12

Access cavity
Remove caries at periphery and ADJ
Remove infected dentine (where possible)
Maximise cavity for longevity
Temporary restoration 
Remove temporary restoration to allow tertiary dentine formation 
Permanent restoration (restore tooth)

Question 13

Features of direct pulp cap

Answer 13

If pulp exposure occurs when the pulp is vital, not hyperaemic and there is no/transient pain

Question 14

Features of pulpotomy (2)

Answer 14

For open apices

If pulp exposure occurs when the pulp is vital, not hyperaemic and there is no/transient pain