6 - Evidence-Informed Practice

Question 1

Five steps for researching the evidence

Answer 1

1) Ask the clinical question.
2) Collect the best evidence.
3) Research literacy: critique the evidence.
4) Integrate the evidence.
5) Evaluate the practice decision or change.

Question 2

PICOT Format for Stating Clinical Questions

Answer 2

P: patient population of interest
I: intervention of interest
C: comparison of interest
O: outcome
T: time

Question 3

Three levels of questions

Answer 3

1) What
2) What is the relationship?
3) Why?

Question 4

With what does research begin?

Answer 4

A question

Question 5

Rights of research participants

Answer 5

Informed consent
Respect for human dignity
Respect for persons
Concern for welfare
Respect for privacy and confidentiality
Justice

Question 6

Four themes of Relational Ethics

Answer 6

Environment
Embodiment
Mutuality
Engagement

Question 7

How to Analyze an Ethical Dilemma

Answer 7

Step 1: Determine whether the issue is an ethical dilemma.
Step 2: Gather all relevant information.
Step 3: Examine and determine your own values on the issues.
Step 4: Verbalize the problem.
Step 5: Consider possible courses of action.
Step 6: Reflect on the outcome.
Step 7: Evaluate the action and the outcome.

Question 8

Nursing Students and Legal Liability

Answer 8

• Students must know their own capabilities.
• Students are liable if their actions cause harm to patients, as is their instructor, the hospital, and students’ college/university.
• Students must separate their nurse role from their work as unregulated care providers.

Question 9

Communicable Diseases and nursing

Answer 9

• Nurses have an ethical and legal obligation to provide care to all assigned patients.
• Employers have an obligation to provide their employees with necessary protective gear.
• Nurses must balance the rights of protecting themselves with protecting the patient’s rights.

Question 10

Nurses administering Meds

Answer 10

• Must know the purpose, effect, potential adverse effects, and contraindications of any medication administered
• Are responsible for questioning any prescriber’s orders that may be incorrect or unsafe
• May be found negligent if they follow a prescriber’s order that is unclear or incorrect

Question 11

Incident report (adverse occurrence report)
Steps involved:

Answer 11

Identify possible risks
Analyze risks
Act to reduce risks
Evaluate steps taken