Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

dental management > 6. Endocrine Ds > Flashcards

6. Endocrine Ds Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal glands secrete what

A

cortisol, epi, NE, aldosterone, and adrenal androgens

(sex hormones and catecholamines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adrenal glomerulosa

A

aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adrenal fasciculata

A

cortisol (glucocorticoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adrenal reticularis

A

androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NE and Epi actions

A

fight or flight - stress response

increase Bp, peripheral resistance, cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hyperadrenalism is what

A

increase of aldosterone, cortisol, androgen, estrogen isolated or in combo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

HTN, hypokalemia, edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glucocorticoid xs

A

is high levels of cortisol
and the MOST COMMON

(Cushing ds and syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CUSHINGOID memonic

A

signs and symptoms that as associated with cushing ds

C-cataracts
U- ulcers
S- striae and skin thinning
H- HTN and hirsutism
I- Immunosuppresion and infections
N- Necrosis of femoral heads
G- Glucose elevation
O- Osteoporosis and obesity
I- Impaired wound healing
D- Depression and mood changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cushingoid moon face is a sign of

A

cushing ds or syndrome

not necessarily specific for cushings though.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is cortisol used

A

it is used to decrease inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bexamethasone

betamethason are what type of drugs

A

long-acting glucocoritcoids

used for oral ulcerations ( dexamethesome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prednisolone

triamcinolone

methylprednisolone are what type of drugs

A

intermediate acting glucocorticoids

used topciallly (methyprednisolone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

primary adrenal insufficiency is what

A

addisons ds
increase ACTH decrease Cortisol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is this

A

cutaneous findings in addisons ( so primary adrenal insufficiency)

hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membrance but they’re iregullarly shaped. It’s a variation of normal but could be addisons too.

hyperpigmentation and andrenal crisis do not usually ocur or are less likelly to occur in the secondary and teritary insufficiencies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

secondary adrenal insufficiency

A

decrease of cortisol and decrease of ACTH, aldosterone is unchaged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tertirary adrenal insufficiency

A

most commonly a result of chronic exogenous steroid use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

impaired would healing can be a consequence of both ___ and ____

A

hyperadrenalsim and adrenal insufficiency

19
Q

signs of an adrenal crisis

A
  • hypotension - monitor BP (vasopressors, pt position, fluid replacement)
  • abdominal pain
  • myalgia
  • fever
  • supplement with 100mg of hydrocoritsone and send to the ER
20
Q

3 hormones of the thyroid procedures

A
  • T3
  • T4
  • Calcitonin
21
Q

what is a thyroid storm

A

during a hyperthyroidism event

the pts will have fever, confusion, dehydration and eventually death if left untreated. This is thyroid storm

22
Q

in hyperthyroidism you have __ free T4 and ___ TSH

A

increase free T4 and decrease TSH

23
Q

hypothyroidism is __ free T4, ___ TSH or ___ TSH

A
  • decrease of free T4
  • increase of TSH

or increase of TSH

24
Q

hyper- thyroid dental implications

A

increase in peridontal bone loss

increase susceptibility to caries

25
Q

hypo-thyroid dental implications

A
  • delayed tooth eruption and altered bone formation
  • macroglossia
  • dysgeusia and burning mouth
  • salivary gland enlargment
  • oral lichen planus
26
Q

pts with both hyper and hypo thyroidism are more susptible to what

A

infections so tx aggresively just do not over tx.

27
Q

if a pt is having a thyrotoxic crisis/storm for hyperthyroidism what should you administer

A

cpr and vital signs

ice or wet packs

administer hydrocortisone 100 to 300 mg

IV glucose

Administer propylthiouracil

send to ED

28
Q

if a pt is having a myxedema coma for hypothyroidism what should you administer?

A

CPR and vital signs

conserve body heat - blanket

administer hydrocortisone 100 to 300 mg

IV saline and glucose

Administer thyroxine

Send to ED

myXedema with thyroXine and… hydrocortisone(the same for hyperthry)

29
Q

should you give care to pts with uncontrolled or poorly controlled hyper or hypo thyroidism

A

no… only if it is under control.

Too many risk factors of a thyrotoxic storm and/or myxedema coma

30
Q

drug interactions/side effects seen in hyperthyroidism

A
  • caution w aspirin, NSAIDS (can incr. T4)
  • contraindicated to use ciprofloxacin because it decreases the absorption of thyroid hormone
  • avoid LA with epi and gingival retraction cord w epi
31
Q

drug inteactions/side effects in hypothyroidism

A
  • avoid CNS depressants (narcotics, babituates, sedatives)
  • Cytochrome p450 inducers (phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin) should be avoided bc it increases metabolism of levothyroxine.
32
Q

pancrease hormones

A

insulin

glucagon

somatastatin

33
Q

diabetes is due to

A
  • lack of beta cell pancreatic production of insulin
  • results in undernourished tissues which have systemic effects.
34
Q

type 1 is due to

A

the destruction of pancreatic beta cells –> insulin deficiency

35
Q

type 2 diabetes is due to

A

pancrease produces insulin but it is in low titers or it doesnt work properly

majority of diabetics.

36
Q

order of stability of the tests for DM

A

hemoglobin A1C –> fasting plasma glucose –> oral glucose tolernace test

37
Q

DM oral implications

A
  • xerostomia/dry mouth
  • oral burning (diff from burning mouth, secondary)
  • infections (bacterial, viral, fungal)
  • poor wound healing
  • increased caries
  • increased severity risk of periodontal ds
38
Q

at what HbA1c and glucose readings do we defer tx

A

HbA1c 8% or higher

glucose is less than 70 or more than 200

39
Q

what are the emergency dental tx during pregnancy

A
  • provided as needed
  • pain control and elimination of infections should be preformed, or else it stresses the mother and endargers the fetus
  • untx dental infections may pose a risk to the devloping fetus –> fever and sepsis may precipitate a spontaneous abortion

-

40
Q

supine hypotension syndrome

A

pregnant pt cannot lie on their back or else it will compress the inf vena cava and affect venous return too.

41
Q

which sedation should be used on a preg pts

A
  • no pharmacologic sedation is preferred

if ABSOLUTLEY necessary then nitrous oxide for less than 30 mins and with at least 50% oxygen.

42
Q

Which two antibiotics are contraindicated in preg pts

A

tetracycline and doxycycline CONTRINDICATED

teratogenic

43
Q

what is the max permissible dose for occupational

A

1 mSv/yr

avg denetal is 0.2 mSv/yr

44
Q

oral findings in a pregnant pt

A
  • mild inflammation to severe overgrowth due to hormonal increase
  • tooth mobility may be present
  • pyogenic granuloma pregnancy tumor it is reacting to something irritating the tissue overgrowth.

dental management (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions