Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pre-Reg Clinical > 6. Endocrine > Flashcards

6. Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Common conditions of the endocrine system (9)

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone disorders
  2. Corticosteroid responsive conditions
  3. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia
  4. Bone metabolism disorders
  5. Dopamine responsive conditions
  6. Gonadotrophin responsive conditions
  7. Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormone related disorders
  8. Sex hormone responsive conditions
  9. Thyroid disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The endocrine system (10)

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary
  3. Pineal gland
  4. Thymus
  5. Ovaries/ testicles
  6. Pancreas
  7. Adrenal glands
  8. Parathyroid
  9. Thyroid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common antidiuretic hormone disorders (2)

A
  1. Diabetes insipidus

2. SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common corticosteroid responsive conditions (1)

A

Cushing’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Common gonadotrophin responsive conditions

A
  1. Hereditary angioedma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormone disorders (4)

A
  1. Adrenocortical function testing
  2. Assessment of pituitary function
  3. Gonadotrophin replacement therapy
  4. Growth hormone disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Common sex hormone responsive conditions (2)

A
  1. Female sex hormone responsive conditions (Antioestrogens)

2. Male sex hormone responsive conditions (Male sex hormone antagonism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common thyroid disorders (2)

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism

2. Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Commonly used drugs prescribed for endocrine conditions (18)

A
  1. Vasopressin and analogues
  2. Systemic corticosteroids
  3. Enzyme inhibitors
  4. Insulins
  5. Non-insulin diabetic drugs
  6. Glucagon
  7. Anabolic steroids
  8. Bisphosphonates
  9. Monoclonal antibodies
  10. Gonadotrophin releasing hormones
  11. Corticotropins
  12. Human growth hormones
  13. HRT
  14. Ovulation stimulation
  15. Androgens
  16. Sulfur containing imidazoles
  17. Thiouracils
  18. Thyroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of insulin (3)

A
  1. Short acting
  2. Intermediate acting
  3. Long acting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of non-insulin diabetic drug (6)

A
  1. Biguanides
  2. Gliptins
  3. GLP-1 receptor agonists
  4. Sulfonylureas
  5. Pioglitazone
  6. SGLT-2 inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

Vasopressin
Hormone produced by hypothalamus, stored in pituitary in response to increased osmolality. Works at distal convoluted tubule. Causes aquaporin-2s to increase water (and salt) reuptake.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Decreased production of/ response to ADH.
2 types: cranial where insufficient production (e.g. by trauma) and nephrogenic where insufficient response at kidney (e.g. by lithium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus (2)

A
  1. Polyuria

2. Polydipsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Polyuria

A

Increased urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polydipsia

A

Increased thirst

17
Q

Management of diabetes insipidus (3)

A
  1. For cranial: vasopressin analogue: desmopressin (more potent and longer action than ADH, no vasoconstrictor effect)
  2. For nephrogenic: thiazide diuretics (paradoxically!)
  3. For nephrogenic: carbamazepine (unlicensed)
18
Q

Desmopressin for differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus

A

If there’s a response, it is cranial. If no response, nephrogenic (as the issue isn’t release, it’s inability to respond).

19
Q

What is syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion?

A

Lack of negative feedback system. Continual ADH production, independent of serum osmolality. Causes hyponatremia as salt diluted in greater volume of water.
May be caused by brain injury, drugs, infection, hypothyroidism and malignancy.

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of ADH (1)

A

Not really anything. 1. Hyponatremia symptoms if any. These include nausea, vomiting, headache, anorexia and lethargy, muscle cramps, weakness, ataxia, drowsiness, seizures and coma.

21
Q

Management of SIADH

A
  1. Remove underlying cause
  2. Fluid restriction
  3. Demeclocycline - acts by directly blocking renal tubular effect of ADH
  4. Tolvaptan - a vasopresin V2 receptor antagonist (make sure this isn’t too rapid, need to measure serm concentration)
22
Q

Examples of vasopressin and analogues (2)

A
  1. Desmopressin

2. Vasopressin

Pre-Reg Clinical (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions