6. End of The Korean War

Question 1

What was phase 4 of the war called?

Answer 1

Stalemate

Question 2

What was phase 4 of the war’s alternative name?

Answer 2

The War of Attrition

Question 3

How long did phase 4?

Answer 3

Jan 1951 to July 1953

Question 4

What was phase 4 a result of?

Answer 4

Going past 38th parallel/ rollback

Question 5

When did the spring offensive begin?

Answer 5

April 22nd 1951

Question 6

Spring offensive: what happened?

3 points

Answer 6

1. Chinese and NK aggressively attack and get Seoul
2. USA: 22,000 killed
   China: 95,000 killed
3. Chinese wave attacks….climbed on Brit tanks

Question 7

What happened at the Imjin battle?

Answer 7

700 Gloucesters stranded on top of hill
…63 made it
…58 killed
…c.600 = prisoners

10s of 1000s Chinese lost

July 10th 1951= negotiations
…2 years…conflict continued

July 27th 1953 = cease fire

Border not changed…NK and SK = NO PEACE TREATY

Question 8

How long did it take to reach a ceasefire?

Answer 8

2 years

Question 9

How many reasons can we say there were to reach a peace treaty?

Answer 9

9

Question 10

Reason for no peace

The Negotiators

Answer 10

= military men = NOT diplomats

= experience with fighting not making peace

Question 11

Reasons for no peace

Not giving the other side the advantage

Answer 11

US and Chinese = end conflict

Chinese= lay arms and talk

US = feared Chinese offensive

= NO TRUST
= ONCE UNARMED= BEING ATTACKED?

Question 12

Reasons for no peace

Saving face

Answer 12

Concerns with keeping prestige with their country

Honour and authority

Question 13

Reason for no peace

Bitterness

Answer 13

Resentment towards each other = little progress in negotiating

Question 14

Reason for no peace

Rhee

Answer 14

= obstructive

US considered replacing him

Question 15

Reason for no peace

Hardening position

Answer 15

1. NSC= conflict on Chinese to stop trouble elsewhere
2. Republicans = MacA style
3. Acheson = SK army to help US containment, = no Rhee

= antagonised Chinese
= less trustv

Question 16

Reason for no peace

Prisoners of War

Answer 16

Truman = slowed peace
…over how POWs should be sorted out

Chinese Comm PoWs = choice to go back to China or not?

POWs = repatriated by law

Question 17

Reason for no peace

Military action

Answer 17

1952 = increased US air attacks on NK
= Mao less inclined to cooperate

= antagonised resentment rather than making China more amenable
= slowed negotiations

Question 18

Reason for no peace

Stalin

Answer 18

Pressured Mao and Kim to delay and fight so there would be a distraction from Europe

Question 19

What 4 reasons come under ‘military diplomats’ category?

Answer 19

Negotiators

Not giving other side advantages

Saving face

Bitterness

Question 20

What 3 reason come under ‘key individuals’?

Answer 20

Rhee

Stalin

And Truman

Question 21

Why did the war end?

Answer 21

Change in personnel

Question 22

How did the war end?

…when did Stalin die?
…what did his death mean for USSR?

Answer 22

March 1953

Soviet politicians= focus on succession of Stalin

Question 23

To what extent was the outcome of the Korean War a success for the United States?

What are our 4 categories?

Answer 23

1. Containment policy worked?
2. Diplomatic success?
3. Domestic success?
4. Military success?

Question 24

What is the same argument for all 4 paragraphs for US success?

Answer 24

ROLLBACK = PROBLEM

if there was no rollback, war would = success

Question 25

Containment policy worked?

Why was this factor a success?

Answer 25

US went to war to save SK from Communism

SK doesn’t become Communist = success

Question 26

Containment policy worked?

Why was this factor a failure?

Answer 26

Also wanted to restore the peninsula but failed

AND…

They had already achieve this aim in 1950, end of summer, after Inchon = containment

But ROLLBACK happened

And final result in 1953 = still same amount if containment so no advances made

= COMPLETE WASTE OF TIME

Question 27

Domestic success?

Give me some examples for domestic failure

Answer 27

Increase in anti-communist hysteria

Increase in sales of backyard bomb shelters

Schools had attack drills

Communists banned from employment as teachers or civil servants “red scare”

Free speech badly effected

Cost $67 billion = inflation

Damaged Truman’s presidency….MacAs dismissal and people tired of war

Question 28

What was an example of domestic success?

Answer 28

War Hastened desegregation of army

Question 29

Military successes? Or not?

Give me success examples

Answer 29

Inchon landings Sept 1950
…advances made out of Pusan

Ridgway..increased morale
Popular
Got troops moving

Question 30

Military success? Or not?

Gimme failure points

Answer 30

USA Port of Pusan
…not quality troops
WW2 old equipment

UN and US lack of communication= weaker troops

Rollback beyond 38th P. Because of Rollback fighting continued…after Inchon US were winners but rollback made them lose

Yalu River…human wave attacks from Chinese

Frozen Chosin…50% casualty rate
…6000 died of frostbite

Spring offensive…22k US killed

Imjin battle = Gloucesters stranded

1953 = no winner of overall war…ceasefire

Question 31

Diplomatic success? Or not?

Gimme failure examples

Answer 31

In China
War strengthened China’s relationship with NK
Strengthened SinoSoviet ally
Encouraged Soviets to set China to become a nuclear power 1955

War poisoned Sino US relations and contributed to Western opposition to Chinese UN membership

Consolidated Mao’s gov power
USSR= communist military effectiveness shown

Question 32

Diplomatic success? Or not?

Gimme succes examples

Answer 32

Chinese later resentment for Soviets = split and less of a threat

Remilitaristaion of Soviet rivals…
Japan and Germany….and integration into West defence system = closer with USA

Anzus Pact 1951 = Aus, NZ and US together
…in Pacific
…if attack on one….they all attack

SEATO
South east Asian NATO
…military forces together
…if one attacked all helped