6 - Dyes, ARMD, Hyperosmotics Flashcards
Fluoroscein (topical)
- type of compound
- use
Water-soluble, quickly dissolved in aqueous
Tear film quality (fluoroscein better than fluoress)
Epithelial defects
Stains center of HSV dendrites
Rose bengal
-use
Stains dead and devitalized cells
Stains borders of HSV dendrites, entire HZO lesion
Mild antiviral properties
Lissamine green
-use
Similar to RB, but less discomfort
-stains borders of HSV dendrites, entire HZO lesion
Commonly used for dry eye evals
Mild antiviral properties
Methylene blue
-use
Staining similar to RB, but also stains corneal nerves
Used to outline filtering blebs, staining lac sac before dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)
Bacteriostatic
Fluoroscein dye (IV)
- use
- SE
FA
- emits longer wavelengths when exposed to visible light
- 5ccs injected into brachial vein, takes ~10-20 sec to reach choroidal/retinal vessels
- commonly used in mac degen to determine if CNVM is present
- also used in DM to see macular thickening from hypoxia/edema
Anaphylactic shock
Yellow urine
Pegaptanib
- type of drug
- use
Antineoplastic agent that decr angiogenesis by binding to/inhibiting VEGF
-antiVEGF = 1) prevent/decr NV 2) decr vascular permeability (DM)
IV for ARMD
Ranibizumab
- type of drug
- use
Monoclonal Ab that targets VEGF
-antiVEGF = 1) prevent/decr NV 2) decr vascular permeability (DM)
IV for ARMD
Glycerine
- type of drug
- MOA
- use
- SE/contraindications
Hyperosmotic agent
High molecular weight, water-soluble compound: unable to cross BAB -> hypertonic plasma in ciliary stroma -> sucks water toward CB/out of posterior seg -> lower IOP
Acute angle-closure attack: 4-6oz mixed with soft drink on ice, sipped to avoid vomiting
Rapidly absorbed + metabolized to carbs -> incr BS
-not recommended in diabetics (use isosorbide instead)
Sodium chloride
- type of drug
- use
Hyperosmotic agent
Hypertonic soln (gtt or ung) used to reduce corneal edema -e.g. Fuchs
