6. Cranial Nerves 2/ Sensory and Motor Supplies to the Face, V and VII Flashcards
Modalities and nuclei of the trigeminal nerve?
General somatic afferent: Sensory
- Mesencephalic nucleus of V (for proprioception)
- Chief sensory nucleus of V (for discriminative touch)
- Spinal nucleus of V (for pain and temp + general conscious sensation for the viscera supplied by CN IX and X)
Special visceral efferent: Motor
-Motor nucleus of V (to muscle of mastication)
Modalities and nuclei of the facial nerve?
Special visceral afferent:
-Solitarius nuclei (receives taste from ant 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve)
General visceral efferent:
-Superior salivatory nuclei (to lacrimal gland, nasal and oral cavities, sinuses, submandibular and sublingual glands)
Special visceral efferent:
-Facial nuclei (to muscle of facial expression and stapedius, stylohyoid and post belly of digastric)
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
V1- Ophthalmic
V2- Maxillary
V3- Mandibular
Where do V1,V2,V3 pass through at the end of their journey prior to innervation?
V1- Ophthalmic through the supraorbital notch/foramen
V2- Maxillary through the intraorbital foramen
V3- Mandibular through the mental foramen
What part of the face is NOT supplied by the trigeminal nerve?
The angle of the mandible.
Supplied by the carotid plexus with the great auricular nerve (C2,3)
The mandibular division (V3/Vc) carries general somatic sensation but also has the motor root for the muscles of _______ (deviation to affected side if injured)
The mandibular division (V3/Vc) carries general somatic sensation but also has the motor root for the muscles of mastication (deviation to affected side if injured)
Where is the trigeminal ganglion found?
In Meckel’s cave (a cave of dura mater) ont he apex of the petrous temporal bone
The trigeminal ganglion is equivalent to a ___ ____ ___
The trigeminal ganglion is equivalent to a dorsal root ganglion
After the trigeminal ganglion the division split off into 3 different foramen, what are they called?
CN V1 passing towards the superior orbital fissure (by passing anteriorly in the lat. wall of the cavernous sinus)
CN V2 passing through the foramen rotundum (by passing anteriorly in the lat. wall of the cavernous sinus)
CN V3 passing through the foramen ovale
In cases where all 3 of the CN V divisions are affected, what is known about the lesion?
If all 3 CN V divisions are affected, the lesion must be in the pons (i.e. stroke) or at the cranial base (i.e. trauma or tumour)
What are the 5 sensory branches of the ophthalmic division of CN V?
Lacrimal Front nerve---> Supratrochlear Frontal nerve --> Supra-orbital Nasociliary --> Infratrochlear External nasal
What is accommodation of the eye?
Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies.
What are branches of the maxilary division of CN V?
Main:
Infra-orbital
Zygomatic –> Zygomatico-temporal
Zygomatic –> Zygomatico-facial
Other: Nasopalatine (to nasal cavity) Greater and lesser palatine (to palate) Pharyngeal (to nasopharnyx) Alveolar (to upper teeth)
What are branches of the mandibular division of CN V?
Buccal Mental Auriculotemporal Lingual Muscular
What PS and sympathetic supply is carried in the CN V1?
PS: Via ciliary ganglion to eye for accommodation and pupil constriction. Supply to lacrimal gland via the pterygopalatine ganglion
Sympathetic: Via the cavernous sinus for pupil dilation
What does the frontal nerve supply?
Branch of CN V1
Branches in to supraorbital and supratrochlear
Supplies: Skin to vertex and upper eyelid/forehead
What does the lacrimal gland supply?
Branch of CN V1
Supplies:
- Lacrimal gland (PS secretomotor fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion)
- Skin of lateral upper eyelid and forehead
What nerves are given off by the nasociliary nerve?
It is a branch of CN V1
Gives off: Long ciliary nerves, anterior ethmoidal nerve, posterior ethmoidal nerve then continues as intratrochlear nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve continues as WHICH NERVE?
The external nasal nerve
The supratrochlear, supraorbital & lacrimal nerves supply?
The supratrochlear, supraorbital & lacrimal nerves supply the vertex, forehead & upper eyelids