Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RGS 4th Form Physics MAC > 6 Changes of State > Flashcards

6 Changes of State Flashcards

1
Q

If the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg°C, how much energy is needed to raise 1 kg of

water by 2°C?

A

8400 J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the unit for Energy?

A

Joules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which material has the lowest specific heat capacity? How do you know?

A

aluminium

It requires less energy for the same temperature change as water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which state of matter has a fixed volume but an indefinite shape?

A

liquid - it has a fixed volume but can take the shape of its container

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the particle movement in a solid

A
  • vibrating in fixed positions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the equation linking energy, mass, specific heat capactiy and change in temperature?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If the force of attraction between particles in a liquid is moderate, how does this change when in gaseous form?

A
  • the force of attraction between particles is very weak or negligible, the particles move freely and are far apart in a gas.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What safety precautions must be taken when finding the specific heat capacity of water?

A
  • heater and water will be hot- handle with care, let cool before clearing away
  • water and electricity may lead to an electric shock- do not operate equipment with wet hand, check insulation on wires is intact before using.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sketch a typical heating curve for a substance.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the three states of matter

A

solid, liquid and gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gas to solid

Name the change of state

A

deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is kinetic energy of a substance related to its temperature?

A

Kinetic energy is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gas to liquid

Name the change of state

A

condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the particle movement in a gas

A
  • moving fast and moving freely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the energy supplied to the water calculated when finding the specific heat capacity of water?

A

E = IVt

Energy = Current (A) x voltage (V) x time (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you improve accuracy when measuring the mass of a metal block using a balance?

A
  • tare balance before use
  • place balance on level surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which state of matter possesses the most potential energy?

A

gas - particles are the furthest apart

18
Q

solid to liquid

Name the change of state

19
Q

Which state of matter possesses the most kinetic energy?

A

gas - particles are moving the fastest

20
Q

How do you improve the reliability of your result when measuring the specific heat capacity of a metal block?

A

Repeat the experiment 3 times to see if similar results are obtained

21
Q

What can be done to obtain a more accurate value for the specific heat capacity of a metal?

A
  • lagging, lid and insulating mat- reduces energy loss to surrounding.
  • Turn on heater and allow it to heat up before placing it in the block- reduces energy lost to heating up heater
  • turn off heater and stopwatch but continue to record temperature until peak temperature of block is reached
22
Q

Which state of matter possesses the most kinetic energy?

A

gas - particles are moving the fastest

23
Q

If 1 kilogram of alcohol at 20°C lost 5000 J of energy, what would its final temperature be?

Specific heat capacity of alcohol = 2500J/kg°C

A

change in temperature = E / mc

= 5000J / (1 kg x 2500 J/kg°C)

= 2 °C

20 -2 = 18°C

24
Q

Explain the temperature change in the graph below.

A
  • Q-R the energy supplied increases the kinetic energy of the particles- temperature increases
  • R-S all the energy supplied goes into weakening intermolecular bonds to induce the state change- temperature stays constant
  • S-T - the state change is completed- energy supplied increases the kinetic energy of the particles- raising the temperature once again.
25
What equipment is needed to find the specific heat capacity of an aluminium block?
- aluminium block, power supply, electric heater and thermometer - stopwatch - voltmeter - ammeter - lagging for top and side of block - mat for bottom of block
26
Describe the particle arrangement in a gas
- far apart - irregular arrangment
27
Describe the particle arrangement in a solid
- close together - regular arrangement
28
Which state of matter has an indefinite volume and indefinite shape?
gas - it expand to fill the volume and shape of its container.
29
Samuel used the equipment below to measure the specific heat capacity of water. His value was 5100 J/kg°C. The true value is 4200J/kg°C. Explain why his value is too big?
- Not all the energy supplied by the heater goes to the water, some is lost to heating the heater and to the surroundings - **Q [energy supplied] is too big** E=IVt - as a result the **temperature change is too low**
30
**Describe** how the temperature varies with time for the cooling curve below
* For the first 4 minutes the temperature drops from 88°C to 80°C at a decreasing rate. * From 4 minutes to 11 minutes the temperature remains constant at 80°C * At 12 minutes the temperature decreases at an increasing rate.
31
Describe the particle movement in a liquid
- vibrating and slipping past each other
32
solid to gas Name the change of state
sublimation
33
liquid to solid Name the change of state
freezing
34
liquid to gas Name the change of state
evaporation
35
Define specific heat capacity
The energy required to heat 1 kg of a substance by 1°C
36
How does the specific heat capacity of water and sand help create the land breeze during nighttime?
* Both sand and water are cooling * **Water has a much higher specific heat capacity than sand** and so the water **cools more slowly than the sand.** * The hotter water heats the air above it, this **hot air expands** and becomes **less dense** and **rises** * Cool air above the sand moves across to replace it * A **convection current** is set-up
37
Calculate the specific heat capacity of the following object * mass of block= 1000 g * current = 2A * voltage = 12 V * time = 200 s * temperature change = 10°C
E = IVt = 2A x V x 200 s = 4800 J c = 4800 J / (1 kg x 10°C) c = 480 J/kg°C
38
If the force of attraction between particles in a solid is strong, how does this change when in liquid form?
- the force of attraction between particles is moderate, the particles can now slip past each other
39
Which state of matter has a fixed shape and a fixed volume?
solid
40
Most central heating systems use water to carry thermal energy. Why is water a good choice in this application?
Water has a very high specific heat capacity. It is very good a storing energy, carrying it from the boiler and releasing it at the radiators

RGS 4th Form Physics MAC (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions