6: Cell Division Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

What is Mitosis?

Answer 1

Functions in the growth and repair of body cells, actual division of a nucleus. Split into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

Question 2

What is Meiosis?

Answer 2

Produces gametes, with half the chromosome. Sex cells. Occurs in two stages Meiosis I and II.

Question 3

What is a Chromosome?

Answer 3

Condensed strand of DNA.

Question 4

What are sister Chromatids?

Answer 4

A replicated chromosome where the two are exact copies of each other.

Question 5

What is a Centromere?

Answer 5

A specialized region that holds sister chromatids together.

Question 6

What is the Cell Cycle?

Answer 6

The sequence of growth and division cells must go through.

Question 7

Cytokinesis

Answer 7

Division of cytoplasm.

Question 8

Checkpoint

Answer 8

Where specialized proteins assess whether that cell is ready to proceed to next stage.

Question 9

G-1 / First Gap Phase

Answer 9

After mitosis, cell increases in size and prepares to replicate its DNA.

Question 10

G-1 Checkpoint Criteria

Answer 10

DNA is healthy and undamaged.

Question 11

S-Phase

Answer 11

DNA synthesized through replication.

Question 12

S-Phase Checkpoint Criteria

Answer 12

No replication errors.

Question 13

G-2 Phase / Second Gap Phase

Answer 13

Cell must produce organelles and other cellular components that will go into daughter cells.

Question 14

G-2 Phase Checkpoint Criteria

Answer 14

Cell must be completely replicated and ready for another stage of Mitosis.

Question 15

Interphase

Answer 15

Chromosomes replicate to get ready for cell division.

Question 16

Prophase

Answer 16

1st stage: Chromosomes become visible, nucleoli disappear, Spindle fibers form, centrioles migrate to poles, nuclear membrane begins to disappear.

Question 17

Metaphase

Answer 17

2nd stage: Chromosomes line up single file on metaphase plate, centrosomes at opposite poles, spindle fibers go from centrosomes to centromeres of chromosomes.

Question 18

Anaphase

Answer 18

3rd stage: Centromeres separate, spindle fibers pull sister chromosomes apart.

Question 19

Telophase

Answer 19

4th stage: Chromosomes cluster at opposite ends, nuclear membrane re-forms. Chromosomes unravel to pre-split condition. Nuclear membrane re-forms.

Question 20

Meiosis I

Answer 20

Reduction division: Synapsis and Crossing over.

Question 21

Meiosis II

Answer 21

Similar to mitosis.

Question 22

Cytokinesis

Answer 22

Division of cytoplasm. Cleavage furrow forms down middle separating daughter chromosomes, cell plate forms down middle. Middle lamella sticks them together.