6 Case Studies Flashcards
Q: What is Helicobacter pylori? Tendancy?
A: common type of bacteria that grows in the digestive tract and has a tendency to attack the stomach lining
Q: What percentage of people have H. pylori and are asymptomatic?
A: 80%
Q: What are the 3 main effects of H. pylori on the stomach?
A: -inflammation: acute, chronic (including ulcers)
- cell damage: atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia
- neoplasia: 2 types being carcinoma and lymphoma
Q: What are the main causes of gatritis? (3)
A: -chemical agents (drugs)
- infectious agents (H pylori)
- immunological reactions (autoimmune)
Q: What is gastritis?
A: inflammation of the lining of the stomach
Q: What are ulcers? caused by?
A: open sore on an external or internal body surface caused by break in skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal
Q: What are the 4 clinical outcomes of H pylori infections?
A: 1. asymptomatic
- chronic atrophic gastritis (intestinal metaplasia and inflammation and damage)
- gastric or duedemal ulcer
- gastric cancer / MALT lymphoma
Q: How does a normal stomach look? (endoscopy) (2)
A: rugel folds and light pink colour
Q: How does a stomach with acute gastritis look? (endoscopy) (3)
A: redness, swelling (and pain)
Q: What’s the key inflammatory cell of acute inflammation?
A: neutrophil polymorph
Q: Describe an abscess. (2)
A: lots of dead and decaying neutrophils associated with dead and dying tissue
Q: How does a stomach with chronic gastritis look? (endoscopy) (2)
A: atrophy seen
loss of many cells= looks flat
Q: What’s the key inflammatory cell of chronic inflammation?
A: lymphocyte
Q: How does a stomach with chronic gastritis look? (histology) Where is this normally seen?
A: lymphode follicles/pale germinal centres -> normally seen in lymph nodes and not seen in normal stomach
Q: What is granulomatous inflammation? showing? (2) Involves?
A: particular form of chronic inflammation showing:
- granuloma formation
- cluster of macrophages
- involves specific immune reaction T cells