6 - Cancer

Question 1

What is the difference between neoplasia and tumour?

Answer 1

Neoplasia - new growth
Tumour - swelling/ inflammation

Question 2

What is the cause of neoplasia and tumours?

Answer 2

Genetic alterations passed down to progeny of tumour cells, excessive and unregulated prolfieration

Question 3

Define
Benign
Malignant
Malignancy

Answer 3

Benign - gross/micro, localised, cannot spread
Malignant - cancers that hold onto tissues
Maliginancy - invade/ destroy adjacent structures, spreads to distant organs (can be cured - found early)

Question 4

Name 4 characteristics of benigns and malignant neoplasms:

Answer 4

• clonal cells make up their parenchyma
• growth and evolution dependent on stroma (blood supply)
• most tumours - simple germ layer
• > 1 germ layer = teratoma

Question 5

Name morphologic characteristics of neoplasms:

Answer 5

• differentiation
• anaplasia
• rate of growth
• local invasion
• metastasis

Question 6

How do you name neoplasms?

Answer 6

add -oma
- fibroma
- chondroma
if from epithelial origin
- papilloma = wart
- adenomas = epithelial benign tumour
- mass projections from mucosal surface into lumen = polyp

Question 7

How do you name malignant neoplasms?

Answer 7

If of mesenchymal origin
- sarcoma
— fibrosarcoma
— chondrosarcoma

If of epithelial origin
- carcinoma
—

Question 8

What is differentiation anaplasia