6 - biochem + digestion

Question 1

Basics of covalent bond

Answer 1

3,000 cal of heat energy, most common bond in organic molecules linking

Question 2

Basics of hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

Weak bonds between +/- regions of molecules. Mostly between h and o

Question 3

Basics of high energy bonds

Answer 3

Variation of covalent bond, usually with the phosphate group. ATP is a form of it.

Question 4

Isomers

Answer 4

Chemicals with same formula, different structure

Question 5

Polymer

Answer 5

Big molecule made of repeating monomers

Question 6

Monomer

Answer 6

Smaller molecules, building blocks of polymers

Question 7

Basics of Carbohydrates

Answer 7

Hydrates of carbon (C•H2O), made of sugars and starches

Question 8

Most important sugar

Answer 8

Glucose
C6 H12 O6

Question 9

Most sugars are __ of __

Answer 9

Most sugars are isomers of glucose

Question 10

Monoccharide

Answer 10

1 sugar molecule

Question 11

Disaccharide

Answer 11

2 sugar molecules, covalent

Question 12

How do Disaccharides form

Answer 12

Dehydration synthesis, removing a water (H2O) so there’s free bonds available to bond

Question 13

How are Disaccharides split

Answer 13

Hydrolysis, when water molecule is added, forcibly splitting the Disaccharides

Question 14

What is glucose used for

Answer 14

Transportable fuel

Question 15

Polysaccharide

Answer 15

Many sugar molecules bonded together; repeating monomers

Question 16

Examples of Polysaccharides

Answer 16

Starches, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 17

Starches

Answer 17

Main storage molecule in plants
Long chains of glucose

Question 18

Glycogen

Answer 18

Storage polysaccharide made by animals
Made in liver, stored in liver/muscles

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

Structural polysaccharide, made of beta glucose

Remember cellulose / celery

Question 20

Basics of lipids

Answer 20

Organic, insoluble in water, soluble in nonpolar organic solvents

energy storage molecules

Made of fats and oils

Question 21

What shape is sugar if it is in water
usually

Answer 21

Ring form

Question 22

Do carbohydrates or lipids have more energy

Answer 22

Lipids

Question 23

What 4 molecules make up lipids

Answer 23

3 fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 24

What enzymes breaks down fats through hydrolysis

Answer 24

Lipase

Question 25

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 25

1+ double bond
Tend to be oils
More common in plants

Question 26

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 26

No double bonds
More common in animals

Question 27

2 uses for stored fats

Answer 27

Energy reserves and cushions for internal organs

Question 28

Are phospholipids soluble? Why?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

How are glycolipids different from phospholipids

Answer 29

Have a sugar instead of a phosphate

Question 30

Waxes

Answer 30

Large and stable structural lipids used for protection

Question 31

What are proteins polymers of

Answer 31

Amino acids

Question 32

Proteins mainly contain these 5 elements

Answer 32

C H O N S

Question 33

What to amino acids contain
(2 groups bonded to what)

Answer 33

Amine group (NH2)
Carboxyl group (COOH)
Bonded to a carbon

Question 34

What are essential amino acids

Answer 34

Amino acids that can’t be made by the body, can only be eaten

Question 35

Cholesterol basics

Answer 35

Insoluble in water
Needed to make cell membranes, insulate nerves etc.
Made in liver from fatty acids

Question 36

Other name for Dehydration synthesis

Answer 36

Condensation

Question 37

Peptide bond

Answer 37

When dehydration synthesis occurs between 2 amino acids