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IGCSE Computer Science > 6 Automated and emerging technologies > Flashcards

6 Automated and emerging technologies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an automated system?

A

A system which performs actions without human interaction

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2
Q

Where might automated systems be used?

A

Heating or air-conditioning to flying aeroplanes and building items like cars

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3
Q

What are the main features of an automated system?

A

Sensors, a microprocessor, actuators

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4
Q

What do sensors do?

A

Capture data from the immediate environment

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5
Q

What does a microprocessor do?

A

Process the data from the sensors and determine if an action needs to be taken

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6
Q

What do actuators do?

A

Cause a movement

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7
Q

What is analogue data?

A

Real-world data which is continuous and can be any value within a range

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8
Q

What is digital data?

A

Discrete data stored as 1s and 0s

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9
Q

What does an analogue-to-digital converter do?

A

It converts analogue data to digital data

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10
Q

Where does a sensor send the data it reads?

A

To an analogue-to-digital converter

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11
Q

What data may already be stored in a microprocessor before an automated system is started?

A

A single value, multiple values like maximum and minimum ones or a whole range of values

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12
Q

What does the microprocessor do with the data sent to it?

A

The microprocessor compares the data sent to it with the stored value or values to determine the next step

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13
Q

What can the comparisons done by the microprocessor include?

A

Seeing if the read data is outside a range, greater or lower than a certain value, etc.

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14
Q

What does a microprocessor do if it determines an action needs to be taken involving movement?

A

It sends a signal to the actuator

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15
Q

For how long is the process of data collection, data processing and actuators causing movement repeated in an automated system?

A

The whole process is repeated until the system is turned off

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16
Q

What are examples of automated systems?

A

Automatic doors, automatic heaters, headlights and windscreen wipers which automatically activate if it gets too dark or starts raining, etc.

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17
Q

What is automation?

A

The use of automated equipment in a process

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18
Q

What are the main factors to consider in automation?

A

The initial cost, running cost, safety, replacement of people’s jobs, continuous work, precision

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19
Q

How high would be the initial cost of automation in the car manufacturing industry?

A

The initial cost would be high due to robot purchases and software needing to be developed

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20
Q

How high would the running cost of automation in the car manufacturing industry be?

A

The running could be high due to system maintenance costs, but it could perform actions more efficiently than humans and reduce employees needed, saving money long-term

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21
Q

How would safety be affected by automation in the car manufacturing industry?

A

The industry would be safer as robots could monitor their environment continuously and stop if there is danger whilst people can be distracted

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22
Q

How would automation in the car manufacturing industry affect people’s jobs?

A

Jobs the automated system now does would be lost, but more jobs would be made to maintain the system

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23
Q

How would precision and length of work in the car manufacturing industry be affected by automation?

A

An automated system would work all day every day, increasing car production, and human errors wouldn’t be made reducing faulty cars

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24
Q

How high would the initial cost of automation in a nuclear power plant be?

A

The initial cost would be high due to devices being purchased and the system needing to be developed

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25
Q

How high would the running cost of automation in a nuclear power plant be?

A

The running cost might be lower because fewer people are needed, but maintenance could be expensive

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26
Q

How would safety be affected by automation in a nuclear power plant?

A

There would be a lower risk of human error, increasing safety, and people wouldn’t need to work in dangerous places, increasing their safety

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27
Q

How would people’s jobs be affected by automation in a nuclear power plant?

A

Some jobs would be replaced for the functions the system does, but new jobs would be made to maintain the system

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28
Q

How would precision and length of work be affected by automation in a nuclear power plant?

A

An automated system would measure and perform actions with more precision and monitor the power plant continuously, causing fewer errors

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29
Q

How high would the initial cost of automation in a greenhouse be?

A

The initial cost may be high for the installation and programming of the system

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30
Q

How high would the running cost of automation in a greenhouse be?

A

Despite the cost for electricity and maintenance, as the system is small the running cost may not be high

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31
Q

How would automation in a greenhouse affect safety?

A

Safety may not be relevant as a greenhouse is likely not a dangerous place

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32
Q

How would automation in a greenhouse affect people’s jobs?

A

It might replace the jobs of people who monitored conditions, but this is unlikely to be a large number

33
Q

How would automation in a greenhouse affect precision and length of work?

A

The system would be able to adapt as soon as there is a problem, and although precision isn’t as important it would allow readings to be more accurate and let instant changes be made

34
Q

What is a robot?

A

A mechanical device that performs an action, usually one a human would perform

35
Q

What is robotics?

A

An area of computer science which covers the design, construction and operation of robots

36
Q

What are the possible ways a robot can be controlled?

A

It can be controlled by a person, automated, or a mixture of both

37
Q

What are the parts of a robot?

A

A mechanical structure, sensors, microprocessors, actuators

38
Q

What are the electrical components of a robot?

A

Sensors, microprocessors, actuators

39
Q

What does it mean that robots are programmable?

A

A program can be written which the robot will follow

40
Q

What are some areas robots can be used in?

A

Medicine, agriculture, transport, industry, entertainment, domestic uses

41
Q

Is a drone controlled by a person or automated?

A

It can be either

42
Q

Are machines that build components in industry controlled by people or automated?

A

They can be either, but are often automated

43
Q

What are examples of robots being used in medicine?

A

Robot nurses and surgeon-controllable robots

44
Q

What are the benefits of robot nurses?

A

Robot can interact with patients, saving medical staff time

45
Q

What are the benefits of surgeon-controllable robots?

A

Patients don’t have to wait for a procedure and specialists don’t have to be physically present in every hospital

46
Q

What are the drawbacks of robots being used in medicine?

A

Errors or malicious code alterations could cause harm, loss of connection could stop procedures, requiring backup systems

47
Q

What are examples of robots being used in agriculture?

A

Automated tractors and machines using satellite navigation, robots planting seeds, removing weeds and adjusting environment plants grow in

48
Q

What are the benefits of automated tractors and machines?

A

The farmer could perform other actions whilst the machines perform the repetitive tasks

49
Q

What are the benefits of robots in general in agriculture?

A

Robots can complete tasks 24 hours a day, whilst a person may only work 8 hours a day

50
Q

What are the drawbacks of robots in agriculture?

A

High initial cost, maintenance needed, workers’ jobs replaced

51
Q

What are examples of robots being used in transport?

A

Self-driving cars, robots transporting things in factories

52
Q

What are the benefits of self-driving cars?

A

Improved safety due to faster reaction times, no need for a driver

53
Q

What are the benefits of robots transporting things in factories?

A

People kept away from transporting dangerous objects, more efficient, new jobs to run and maintain system

54
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of self-driving cars?

A

Can be expensive initially, threat of malicious alteration of program

55
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of robots being used to transport items in factories?

A

They replace jobs

56
Q

What are some examples of robots being used in industry?

A

Robots used in car production lines, manage packing of items (putting biscuits into boxes), test products (check temperature), perform minute-size tasks (build circuits)

57
Q

What are the benefits of robots being used in industry?

A

Continuous operation, no need for rest, greater precision, some new jobs created (smaller than in past)

58
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of robots being used in industry?

A

High initial cost, job replacement

59
Q

What are examples of robots being used in entertainment?

A

Toys (robot dogs), educational robots (build a robot, program functions, for child), drones

60
Q

What are the benefits of robots being used in entertainment?

A

Allows people to engage with technology, sometimes learn about robot workings and introduced to programming

61
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of robots being used in entertainment?

A

Potential high initial cost

Not in book

62
Q

What are some examples of robots being used domestically (at home)?

A

Robot vacuum cleaners, robot lawnmowers

63
Q

What are the benefits of robots being used domestically (at home)?

A

Saves people time

64
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of robots being used domestically (at home)?

A

Still need monitorning, can’t go up and down steps, potential high initial cost

65
Q

What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of drones?

A

Used to record videos (birds-eye view), but possible loss of contact can cause crash and injuries

66
Q

What are some examples of robots being used in security?

A

Security robots, record what is happening, detect motion or sound, patrol an area and alert abnormalities

67
Q

When was the Turing Test invented?

A

1950

68
Q

Who developed the Turing Test?

A

Alan Turing

69
Q

What is the Turing Test?

A

A test where a person converses with a computer programs and another person

70
Q

How does a computer pass the Turing Test?

A

The person conversing with the human and other person must not be able to work out which is the computer

71
Q

If a computer passes the Turing Test, what would this supposedly show?

A

It would supposedly show the computer can display intelligence

72
Q

What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

A

A part of computer science which looks at creating programs to simulate human behaviour

73
Q

What are areas within artificial intelligence (AI)?

A

Image recognition, speech recognition, natural language, computer games, diagnosis systems

74
Q

What does artificial intelligence in natural language do?

A

Receive a command or instruction not in a set format and perform the required response

75
Q

What does artificial intelligence in computer games do?

A

Move elements or characters independently based on the environment

76
Q

What does artificial intelligence in diagnosis systems do?

A

It could give a medical diagnosis

77
Q

Where are places natural language systems are used?

A

Smartphones, web browsers

78
Q

What are the four key features of artificial intelligence (AI), and which one is optional?

A

Collection of data, set of programmed rules, ability to reason, ability to learn and adapt (optional)

79
Q
A

IGCSE Computer Science (4 decks)

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