6 animals in regulatory toxicology Flashcards
what is the CCAC?
canadian council on animal care
-founded in 1968
-to provide guidance for all aspects of the care and use of experimental animals
-through programs of education, assessment and guidelines development
-CCAC guidelines establish the basic requirements for each institutional animal care and use program within canada: CCAC certificate of GAP (good animal practice)
what is the council in CCAC?
the council is the governing body of the CCAC. It consists of representatives of a wide range of national organizations with an interest in the care and use of animals in research, teaching and testing:
-federal granting agencies
-federal government departments/agencies using animals or supporting animal-based research
-national voluntary health organizations
-institutionally-based national academic associations
-national scientific and academic associations
-national organizations representing pharmaceutical companies
-national organizations representing animal welfare and animal care
what is the institutional animal care committee?
-the animal care committee (ACC) in each institution has a number of responsibilities relating to the care and use of animals in research, testing and teaching
what does the institutional animal care committee do?
-review and approval of all proposals to use animals
-authority
-ensuring standards for facilities and care
-prevention and relief of pain and distress, and ensuring adequate veterinary care
-ensuring the training and skills of all researchers working with animals used in science
-reporting to the canadian council on animal care (CCAC)
what is the protocol review of the animal care committee?
-do you understand why the study should be done?
-are you convinced that animals must be used?
-has the proposal been independently reviewed for scientific merit?
-has the concept of the three-Rs been addressed?
-has the choice of animal species and model, and the number of animals requested been justified?
-do you understand exactly what will be done to each animal and in what sequence?
-are you comfortable that the expertise of the people carrying out the procedures is optimal?
-are the facilities for performing the study suitable?
-have the signs of pain, stress or distress been described?
-will euthanasia be carried out in an appropriate, approved manner?
what are the three Rs of humane animal use?
-replacement
-reduction
-refinement
what is the graph of the number and type of animals in science?
what is PAU?
purpose of animal use: animal-based protocol at a CCAC-certified institution
-PAU1: studies of a fundamental nature in science relating relating to essential structures or functions
-PAU2: studies for medical purposes, including veterinary medicine, that relate to human or animal diseases or disorders
-PAU3: studies for regulatory testing of products for the protection of humans, animals or the environment
-PAU4: studies for the development of products or appliances for human or veterinary medicine
-PAU5: education and training of individuals in post-secondary institutions of facilities
what is the graph of PAU?
what are CI?
category of invasiveness: level of pain and/or distress that an animal could potentially be exposed to while in a scientific study
-CI A: experiments on most invertebrates or on live isolates
-CI B: experiments which cause little or no discomfort or stress
-CI C: experiments which cause minor stress or pain of short duration
-CI D: experiments which cause moderate to severe distress or discomfort
-CI E: procedures which cause severe pain near, at, or above the pain tolerance threshold of unanesthetized conscious animals
what is the graph of CI?
what is the signs of pain and stress: summary?
what is euthanasia?
the main welfare principles for a humane method of killing an animal are:
-there should be very rapid (immediate) unconsciousness and subsequent death
-there should ne no pain or distress accompanying the procedure
-euthanasia methods may affect tissues and thus impact on subsequent biochemical, histological or electron microscopic analyses
-where there are scientific concerns about the impact on research results of a chemical method of euthanasia and a physical method of euthanasia is proposed
personnel must be adequately trained to ensure that euthanasia is carried out in the most humane manner:
-recognizing pain and distress in the behavior of an animal
-proper methods of handling and restraining the animal
-proper application of the method and use of equipment
-recognizing and assessing unconsciousness
-methods of ensuring the death of the animal
-recognizing and confirming death
what is the legislation in canada related to experimental analysis?
-the criminal code of canada: sections 446 and 447 and 446 protect animals from cruelty, abuse and neglect
-the health of animals act: disease outbreaks in canada, and to prevent the entry of unacceptable diseases that do not exist in canada
-the spending power: provide for grants subject to conditions imposed on the recipients
provincial legislation and regulations
-saskatchewan’s veterinarians act, an exemption is given to researchers using animals at a university as long as an animal care committee that includes a veterinarian has approved the protocol
