6. Adaptation to aerobic training

Question 1

Cardiac output

Answer 1

amount of blood pumped in a minute by the heart. Q = stroke volume x HR

Question 2

Stroke volume

Answer 2

quantity of blood pumped in a heart beat, by the left ventricle

Question 3

Cardiac output volume at rest and maximal effort

Answer 3

5 L at rest and 20 - 22 L during max effort

Question 4

Hormones for the systole

Answer 4

catecholamines with epinephrine

Question 5

Frank starling mechanism

Answer 5

Myocardial fibers are stretched by the pressure of the blood and result with a more forceful contraction

Question 6

Maximal oxygen update

Answer 6

amount of oxygen that can be used at cellular level by the entire body

Question 7

Fick equation

Answer 7

VO2 formula = HR X Stroke V. X arteriovenous O2 difference. For common unit you have to divide then for the weight

Question 8

Rate pressure product

Answer 8

Systolic pressure x HR

Question 9

Systolic and Diastolic pressure in normal and maximal situation

Answer 9

120 - 80 mmhg more or less in rest situation. Systolic could up to 220 - 260 mmhg in max, diastolic remain stable or less.

Question 10

Minute ventilation

Answer 10

Ventilation actions x minute. Rest 12 - 15, work 35 - 45

Question 11

Tidal volume TV

Answer 11

Volume of air x each breath. 0.4 - 1 L rest, 3 L work

Question 12

Ventilatory equivalent

Answer 12

Relationship minute ventilation x oxygen uptake

Question 13

How is divided the air in the Tidal volume

Answer 13

Alveoli chamber, anatomical (nose, mouth trachea) and physiological (not working alveoli) dead space

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

Movement of air through the cell membrane, from high to low % of concentration

Question 15

1g Hemoglobin could carry..

Answer 15

1.34 ml of oxygen. So 100ml of blood is 20ml of oxygen

Question 16

OBLA

Answer 16

blood lactate accumulation

Question 17

Bradicardia

Answer 17

Result of aerobic training adaptation, with parasympathetic tone increased, less beat of heart but with more volume

Question 18

Adaptation of aerobic training

Answer 18

6 to 12 months. Maximal cardiac output and stroke volume. Capillary density. TV and breath frq. Delayed fatigue and coordination of synergist muscles.

Question 19

Glycogen sparing

Answer 19

Adaptation of endurance. Using more fat instead of glycogen.

Question 20

Muscular fibers adaptation in aerobic training

Answer 20

Increased number and size of mitochondria. Capacity of muscle to extract and use oxygen.

Question 21

Bone adaptation of aerobic training

Answer 21

Only with high intensity actions or weighted bearing activity.

Question 22

Elite athlete doesn’t improve more in VO2max so..

Answer 22

They improve in the running economy and efficency

Question 23

Altitude training measure and effects

Answer 23

Higher to 1200m, where there’s less oxygen partial pressure. Increase in ventilation and HR. In 10-14 days you increase the red cells production