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Question 1

ways to “break the chain” of trasmission

Answer 1

1. neutralize host
2. interrupt mode of transmission
3. protect portals
4. immunization or treatment

Question 2

Ws of immunization

Answer 2

where- endemic areas
when - disease season (vector bourne), during outbreak of non endemic areas
who - population at risk
why - the loss caused by the dz must be greater than the cost of immunization

Question 3

features of good vax

Answer 3

safe to use
minimum side fx
effective against wide spectrum of pathogens 
cheap
long shelf life, minimal storage requirements- delivery, thermostability
long lasting appropriate protection
easy to administer
benefits outweigh risks

Question 4

live attenuated vax

Answer 4

edward jenner.
(naturally occurring )
protect chickens against Merks dz by giving similar turkey dz

Question 5

attenuation

Answer 5

lose virulence, maintain antigenicity

Question 6

production of live attenuated vax

Answer 6

rinderpest in rabbits- virus attenuates.
intentionally induce mutations: cold adapted mutant viruses. Influnza virus cannot replicat at 37degree c. only at 33. can no longer replicate in the lung and cause lung damage.

Question 7

killed vax

Answer 7

inactivated, antigenicity retained

Question 8

inactivated virus vax

Answer 8

require larger amounts of virus

need adjuvants

Question 9

vax produced by recombinant DNA and related tech

Answer 9

reduce risk of virus reverting back and cause dz. intentionally induce mutations
select gene from virus expressing antigenic protein and chop off and put into harmless virus.

Question 10

DIVA

Answer 10

differentiating infected from vaccinated
natural infection vs vaccinated.
both will induce produce Ab.
subunit vax

Question 11

subunit vax

Answer 11

DIVA
prepare vaccine with only one of the antigens present in the wild type virus that may have 3 antigens. vaccinated animal will test positive for only this Ab rather than a sick animal which will test for all 3. very safe (only protein)

Question 12

vector control

Answer 12

source reduction: breeding sources. prevent rain water accumulation. don’t build houses out of poop.
biological control:natural enemies that eat vectors
Chemical control: insecticides , larvacides, adultacides

Question 13

isolation

Answer 13

animals known to be ill with a contagious dz, tested pos or showing clinical signs

Question 14

quarentine

Answer 14

animals that have been exposed… may or may not have clinical signs or test pos.

Question 15

population control program

Answer 15

restrict mvmt of the animals, control reservoir

Question 16

quarantine and culling

Answer 16

restrict mvmt and slaughter animals, dispose carcass

bury very deep away from water supply or burn

Question 17

decontamination

Answer 17

process that renders surface or equipment safe to handle several types

Question 18

sterilization

Answer 18

destroy all forms of microbial life superior

Question 19

disinfections

Answer 19

eliminate many pathogenic, not effective on some spore forming bacteria.

Question 20

antisepsis

Answer 20

decontamination of skin /live tissue

Question 21

MERS

Answer 21

sister of SARS coronovirus

comes from camels

Question 22

sentinel animals

Answer 22

serve as early warning systems of zoonotic dz
equine encephalitis
test caged birds in endemic areas, track mosquitoes and test, dying wild birds