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Geology > 6,8,10 > Flashcards

6,8,10 Flashcards

0
Q

What mineral particles are the dominant coloring agents in reddish, brownish and yellowish soils

A

Dust sizes grains of iron oxides

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1
Q

Which term describes soil formed by weathering of the underlying bedrock

A

Residual

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2
Q

What portion of an angular, fracture bounded granitic block shows the highest rate of weathering?

A

The edges and corners

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3
Q

Which two factors speed up rates of chemical rxn and weathering in rocks and soils?

A

Warm temps, very moist

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4
Q

Clay minerals formed from gabbro or diorite bedrock illustrate which kind of weathering

A

Chemical

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5
Q

In terrain with steep hill slopes, which crop and cultivation technique will minimize soil erosion

A

Apples; land between trees is planted in grass and not cultivated

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes the dust bowl

A

Areas of severe wind erosion on the Great Plains, 1930s

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7
Q

Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates then rhyolite and granite

A

The ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown

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8
Q

Which term best describes an accumulation of angular rock fragments at the base of a steep, bedrock slope or cliff

A

Talus slope

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9
Q

Which of the following best describes the process eluviation

A

Removal of very fine sizes silt and clay particles from the A and E horizons

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10
Q

In which setting would regional metamorphism be most likely

A

At great depths in the crust where two continents are colliding

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11
Q

Amphibole is a foliated metamorphic rock composed principally of hornblende and plagioclase. How does it form?

A

By regional metamorphism of volcanic rocks such as andesite and basalt

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12
Q

What foliated, metamorphic is texturally intermediate between slate and schist

A

Phyllite

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13
Q

What is the major source of heat for contact metamorphism

A

Heat from nearby magma body

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14
Q

What platy, parallel, mineral grains are the most visual aspect of foliated metamorphic rocks

A

Micas

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15
Q

What term describes the zones of contact metamorphism surrounding an intrusive magma body

A

Aureole

16
Q

Which of the folllowing forms at the highest grade of regional metamorphism

A

Schist

17
Q

Which of the following lists the rocks in order of increasing grain size and increasing grade of metamorphism

A

Slate, Phyllite, schist

18
Q

Which of the following statements concerning slate is not true

A

Has abundant, coarse grained mica

19
Q

T or f: partial melting is an important process in the formation of migmatites

A

True

20
Q

___ is typically formed by metamorphism of a sandstone

A

Quartzite

21
Q

Calcite is the main mineral constituent of the sedimentary rock limestone and the metamorphic rock marble

A

True

22
Q

A graben is characterized by

A

Hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults

23
Q

A Horst is

A

An uplifted block bounded by two normal faults

24
Q

The michigan geologic map show older, Paleozoic strata( in roughly circular patterns) surrounding the cores area of Pennsylvania rocks,. What is this structure?

A

Basin

25
Q

a ____ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks

A

Strike slip

26
Q

A reverse fault is one which

A

The hanging wall block has moved up relative to the footwall block along an insulated inclined fault

27
Q

A sync line is __

A

Fold in which the strata dip toward the axis

28
Q

A ___ is a defined, recognizable, mapable, rock unit with a known age

A

Formation

29
Q

Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions

A

Cooler temps

30
Q

The mountains and valleys of the basin and range province of the western untied states formed in response to

A

Tensionsal stress and normal fault movements

31
Q

Which one of the following best describes the geology of the black hills region in South Dakota

A

An elongate dome cored by Proterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks

32
Q

Which one of the following is true for anticlines but not synclines

A

The seeker strata are buckled upward along the fold axis

33
Q

__ are the products of horizontally directed, Tensionsal stresses

A

Normal faults

34
Q

Along oblique slip faults, not blocks have horizontal and vertical components of movement

A

True

35
Q

The oldest sedentary rock strata are exposed along the axial parts of deeply eroded anticlines

A

True

36
Q

The Navajo and Dakota sandstones are

A

Mesozoic, sedimentary rock formation in Utah, Colorado, and neighboring states

37
Q

Normal faults form in response to horizontal , Tensional stresses that stretch or elongate the rocks

A

True

38
Q

The great Rift Valley of east Africa is characterized by ___

A

Mainly normal faulting as east Africa begins to fragment

Geology (4 decks)

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