6 Flashcards
Group number
Is representative of the number of electrons in the highest energy level
How would you recognize that it was a transition metal, based in the electron configuration?
It would have something in the d section
If the electron configuration contains an f what is it
An inner transition
Atomic number =
of protons
When s and p are full it is called a
Noble gas
When identifying an element, first see if ______ is full, the look for _
First see if s and p are full, then look for d
Metals are what kind of ion
Cations
Nonmetals are what kind of ion
Anions
Cations-
Like to give electrons away - become s,Allen and are positive
Anions -
Like to take electrons away - become bigger and are negative
Atomic radius is measured in
Picometers
Ion
When an element gets a positive or negative charge
Anions start out ____ than cations
Bigger
Anions are bigger because
Negatives are bigger than positives
Explain the difference between the first and second ionization energy?
First = energy to remove one electron
Second = energy to remove two electrons
It just continues on
A representative element is partially ____ unlike ____ noble gases
Partially full unlike noble gases
Ionization increases as you go from ____ to _____?
Left to right ->
Representative are when _ and _ aren’t full
S and p
Halogens want to ____ an electron to be full
Take
Electron negativity is the ability
Of an atom to attract an electron
Electron are elements _____ an electron while ionization are these _____ surrendering an electron
A. Accepting
B. Surrendering
If it’s a metal it wants to ____ an electron
Surrender
Elements are
Neutral
Atomic radius
Take two atoms and connect the nucleus to divide in half
Ionic energy
The energy required to move an electron from an atom
Noble gases never want to ____
React?
The more protons the ___ ___ __ and the ___ it becomes
Stronger the pull
Smaller
By the year 1700 only __ elements were discovered
13
- 1765-1775 in one decade ___ new elements were discovered
* 1780-1849 who published a classification systems
- 1765-1775 in one decade 5 new elements were discovered
* 1780-1849 J.W. Dobereiner published a classification systems
Elements were placed in a
Triad
Triad
• 3 elements of similar properties were placed in a triad
- Noted that one element in each triad to have similar chemical properties with values that fell midway between those of the other two elements
• these values were close to the actual atomic mass
• in 1869 a Russian chemist and teacher, ______ published a table of the elements
Dimitri Mendeleev
• Later that year ____, a German chemist published a nearly identical table
Meyer
Who got the credit
Mendeleev because he published first
How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table
- Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass
- Mendeleev developed his periodic table before it was discovered that the atoms of each element contain a unique number of protons (atomic number)
Modern periodic table
- elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number
- There are 7 rows or periods
- Each period corresponds to a principle energy level
- Moving from left to right the properties of the elements within a period change
- Moving from one period to the one above or below the properties repeat.
Columns share similar chemical properties
Periodic law
• when atoms are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
- Blue labels -
* Red labels -
- Blue labels - used by scientists in Europe
* Red labels - used by scientists in U.S
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
• across a period the properties of elements becomes less metallic and more nonmetallic
Metals
80% of elements are metals
• Properties of metals:
• Good conduction if heat and current
• A cut or shined surface will have a high sheen
• Solid at room temperature (except mercury)
• Ductile - can be drawn into wires
• Malleable - can be hammered into thin sheets
Non metals
Nonmetals
• in the upper right corner of the periodic table plus hydrogen
• A variation of forms and properties
• solids - brittle
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Except for Carbon!
Metalloids
separates the metals from the nonmetals
• Properties similar to metals and nonmetals
• Behavior depends on conditions
• Silicon is a nonconductor, mixed with boron it becomes a conductor
Define Alkali
Alkali comes from Arabic al quail meaning ashes
Define halogens
Comes from Greek word Hal’s meaning “salt” and the Latin word genesis meaning “to be born”
Electron configuration in groups
Electron configuration in groups
• elements can be sorted into:
• Noble gases: section 8a their s and p energy levels are full and satisfied
• Representative elements: groups 1A through
• Display a wide range of physical and chemical properties, some are metals, some are nonmetals and some are metalloids
• Transition metals: these elements are characterized by the presence of electrons in the d sub level
• Inner transition metals- f group
• Based on their electron configuration
